Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Introduction The prevalence of candiduria has increased worldwide mainly because of the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, increased immunosuppressive therapy and also due to more frequently performed invasive procedures. About 30% of all nosocomial UTIs are due to candida spp., mostly in the ICU setting. 1,2 However, in the ICU, candiduria may indicate bladder colonization most of the time due to indwelling catheters. 3 Asymptomatic candiduria is a benign condition requiring no antifungal therapy but if the patient is immunocompromised the risk of mortality and morbidity is high. 4 There are no clear cut defnitive criteria to differentiate colonization, contamination and infection making signifcance of candiduria a common clinical problem. Apart from antibiotic use, other candiduria risk factors include elderly, female gender, diabetes mellitus, urinary tract abnormality, chronic renal failure, malignancy and neutropenia. 5,6 Limited data is available regarding risk factors associated with non- albicans candiduria in comparison to those associated with C. albicans candiduria. In this study, we aimed to speciate candida isolated from patients with candiduria admitted in the ICU and evaluate the risk factors associated with albicans vs non albicans candiduria. Material and methods This prospective study was carried out during April 2013 to October 2013 in a superspeciality hospital at New delhi, India. Ethical committee approval was not required since no interventions were done on the patients. Urine samples received in the laboratory for routine urine culture were studied. Sixty (60) yeast isolates were included in the study. Inclusion criteria Yeasts isolated as a pure growth with colony count >104 cfu/ml of urine sample. These isolates were from urine specimens of patients admitted in the ICU for >72hrs. Exclusion criteria Urine specimens where candiduria was present as a mixed growth were excluded from the analysis. Repeat isolates from the same patient were also excluded. After obtaining informed consent, data collected for each patient included: gender, age, duration of hospitalization, catheter use, antimicrobial therapy, h/o diabetes mellitus, ICU (department), h/o surgery, and presence of any genitourinary tract J Bacteriol Mycol Open Access. 2016;3(4):297‒300. 297 © 2016 Sharma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Candida albicans versus non albicans candiduria in the ICU setting: evaluation of risk factors Volume 3 Issue 4 - 2016 Abha Sharma,Vinita Dogra, Bibhabati Mishra, Archana thakur, Poonam S Loomba GB Pant hospital, India Correspondence: Abha Sharma, Associate professor, BSA medical college, India, Email abha_sh79@rediffmail.com Received: October 27, 2016 | Published: December 29, 2016 Abstract Background: The indiscriminate use of antibiotic is increasing the prevalence of candiduria worldwide, especially in the ICU setting. Limited studies describe the risk factors associated with candiduria depending on their species. Objective: This study aims to speciate candida isolated from patients with candiduria admitted in the ICU and evaluate the risk factors associated with albicans vs non albicans candiduria. Material and method: The risk factors were evaluated in 60 yeast isolates using Fisher’s exact test (two-tailed) and Odd’s ratio with 95% confdence interval. Result: The non-albican candida species isolated were C. tropicalis (14), C. glabrata (11), C. krusie (5) and C. parapsilosis (10). Although there was no signifcant difference between risk factors associated with albicans vs non-albicans candida spp., the risk of non- albicans candiduria increased by 3 folds with increasing age(>50yrs.) OR (95%CI) 3.3158 (1.045-10.8693) and by 6 folds in patients with history of antibiotic intake in ICU OR (95%CI) 6.3521 (0.3339-120.8452). Non-albicans candiduria was signifcantly associated with presence of more pus cells (11-30cells/hpf) P=0.0002; while C. albicans candiduria was signifcantly present in patients with <10 puscells/hpf, P=0.0001. Pseudophyphae were signifcantly less in non-albicans candiduria (P=0.0113). Use of carbapenems, tigecycline and fuoroquinolones were signifcantly associated with non-albicans candiduria (P=0.034; 0.0057; 0.003 respectively). Conclusion: The risk of acquiring non-albicanscandiduria is more than albicans despite having same risk factors. Non albicans candiduria has become more prevalent cause of nosocomial candiduria in the ICUs may be due to the frequent use of antibiotics like fuoroquinolones in the ICU patients. Further studies are required to assess risk factors associated with different candida spp. to manage candiduria in ICU patients. Keywords: candiduria, candida spp., immunosuppressive therapy, ICU, Nosocomial UTIs Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology: Open Access Case Report Open Access