Citation: Ansari, M.H.R.; Khan, W.;
Parveen, R.; Saher, S.; Ahmad, S.
Pharmacokinetic, Metabolomic, and
Stability Assessment of Ganoderic
Acid H Based Triterpenoid Enriched
Fraction of Ganoderma lucidum P.
Karst. Metabolites 2022, 12, 97.
https://doi.org/10.3390/
metabo12020097
Academic Editors: Alba
Rodríguez-Nogales, Maria
Elena Rodriguez-Cabezas and
Leonardo Tenori
Received: 30 September 2021
Accepted: 9 December 2021
Published: 21 January 2022
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4.0/).
metabolites
H
OH
OH
Article
Pharmacokinetic, Metabolomic, and Stability Assessment of
Ganoderic Acid H Based Triterpenoid Enriched Fraction of
Ganoderma lucidum P. Karst
Mohd Hafizur Rehman Ansari
1
, Washim Khan
1
, Rabea Parveen
1,2
, Sadia Saher
3
and Sayeed Ahmad
1,
*
1
Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard,
New Delhi 110062, India; rehman.ansari1988@gmail.com (M.H.R.A.); khan.washim78@gmail.com (W.K.);
rabea_nd62@yahoo.co.in (R.P.)
2
Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Bioscience, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
3
Viral Research Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, J.N.M.C, A.M.U, Aligarh 202002, India;
sadia.micro@gmail.com
* Correspondence: sahmad_jh@yahoo.co.in
Abstract: Ganoderma lucidum P. karst is an edible fungus that is used in traditional medicine and
contains triterpenoids as the major phytoconstituents. Ganoderic acids are the most abundant triter-
penoids that showed pharmacological activity. As Indian varieties contain ganoderic acid H (GA-H),
we aimed to prepare GA-H-based triterpenoid enriched fraction (TEF) and evaluated its pharmacoki-
netics, metabolomics, and stability analysis. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
method was developed to quantify GA-H in TEF and rat plasma. Based on GA-H content, a stability
assessment and pharmacokinetic study of TEF were also performed. After its oral administration
to rats, TEF’s the metabolic pattern recognition was performed through ultra-performance liquid
chromatography mass spectroscopy (UPLC–MS). The developed HPLC method was found to be
simple, sensitive, precise (<15%), and accurate (>90% recovery) for the quantification of GA-H. Phar-
macokinetic analysis showed that GA-H reached its maximum plasma concentration (C
max
2509.9
ng/mL) within two hours and sustained quantifiable amount up to 12 h with a low elimination
rate (K
el
) 0.05 L/h. TEF contained ten bioavailable constituents. The prepared TEF was found to be
stable for up to one year at room temperature. The prepared TEF, enriched with ganoderic acid, is
stable, contains bioavailable constituents, and can be explored as phytopharmaceuticals for different
pharmacological properties. Highlights: (1). Preparation of triterpenoid enriched fraction (TEF) from
Ganoderma lucidum. (2). Major triterpenoid in TEF is ganoderic acid H (GA-H). (3). TEF contains
several bioavailable phytoconstituents. (4). TEF (considering only GA-H) is stable for up to one year
at room temperature. (5). GA-H is rapidly absorbed and has high systemic exposure.
Keywords: triterpenoid; ganoderic acid H; quantitative analysis; UPLC–MS; stability
1. Introduction
The intake of dietary supplements has been increased alarmingly due to several health
benefits and trend toward healthy lifestyles. There are numerous herbs and living or-
ganisms used as dietary supplements. Fungi are the most widely distributed organisms
on earth and are of great medicinal importance. Ganoderma lucidum, a fungus known as
‘Mushroom’ in India or ‘Lingzhi’ in China or ‘Reishi’ in Japan, is a well-known medicinal
mushroom and has a great future as a dietary supplement. Over 2000 years, G. lucidum has
been used in several traditional systems as rejuvenation of health by providing vital en-
ergy, strengthening the immune system, anti-aging, and strengthening body resistance [1].
Nowadays, it is widely used as a dietary supplement in the United States and in European
countries. It is enriched with different classes of secondary metabolites, such as triter-
penoids, polysaccharides, peptides, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, iridoids, and lignans,
Metabolites 2022, 12, 97. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12020097 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/metabolites