58 International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design, 5(1), 58-73, January-March 2015
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ABSTRACT
Social Networking Sites (SNS) are increasingly used in academia to facilitate informal learning, knowledge
co-creation, and collaborative problem-solving. Deriving these pedagogic benefts requires SNS usability
for all. This paper reports results of an early investigation into SNS usability for blind students. Think-aloud
observations generated verbal evidence of six participants’Facebook interaction experiences. Verbal protocol
analysis revealed where and how challenges arose in online social interactions. Design standards analysis
identifed responsible interface elements and potential remedial measures. Results show that locating Friend’s
profle and Timeline, reading, writing, and posting messages were signifcantly challenging. Participants
needed additional time and effort, and occasionally sighted help, to perform these basic SNS functions that
are integral parts of informal learning activities. Feasible design improvements are proposed that merit
further investigation. Implications for educators, learning technologists, cognitive scientists, and usability
experts are discussed.
Blind Students’ Challenges in
Social Media Communication:
An Early Investigation of Facebook
Usability for Informal Learning
Rakesh Babu, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
Keywords: Blind Student, Informal Learning, Online Social Interaction, Social Media, Usability
INTRODUCTION
Social media offer myriad informal learning op-
portunities by facilitating peer communication,
fostering learning communities, and promoting
21
st
century literacies (Muñoz & Towner, 2011;
Lybeck, Bruhn, & Feyissa, 2011). Over 90%
of American youth regularly use social media
for academic and personal reasons (Smith,
Caruso, & Kim, 2010). Facebook, with over a
billion monthly users, is the most popular social
networking site (SNS) (Facebook, 2013). The
‘Timeline’ is Facebook’s most visible online
social interaction (OSI) platform (Muñoz &
Towner, 2011). It offers a conducive environ-
ment for informal learning. Students clarify
doubts by posting questions that are answered
by others through reply posts. They engage in
discussions and collaborative problem-solving
by ‘commenting’and ‘liking’posted topics. This
informal, social learning positively impacts
academic outcomes (Shen & Wu, 2011). Blind
DOI: 10.4018/ijopcd.2015010105