Eur J Cancer Care. 2020;00:e13300. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ecc | 1 of 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.13300 © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 1 | INTRODUCTION One in four women is estimated to be diagnosed with breast can- cer during her lifetime, making breast cancer the commonest can- cer among women worldwide (Bray et al., 2018). In Vietnam, breast cancer accounts for 8.9% of new cancer cases among women each year (International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2012). In addi- tion, most Vietnamese patients receive diagnosis at an extremely late stage (Thuan, Anh, Tu, & Huong, 2017). According to a study conducted at the five largest cancer hospitals in Vietnam, 49.5% of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients received diagnosis at stages III and IV (Thuan et al., 2017). Moreover, nearly half of Vietnamese patients with breast cancer resided in rural areas (Hoang Lan, Laohasiriwong, Stewart, Tung, & Coyte, 2013), where women have low levels of education and income and limited access to health care. Furthermore, a high proportion of breast cancer patients in Vietnam are relatively young, and one-third of patients are diagnosed at a younger age (Hoang Lan et al., 2013) than are patients in Western countries (Youlden, Cramb, Yip, & Baade, 2014) (40–49 versus 55–65 years). Evidence shows that early screening and access to optimal treatment can improve survival rates in patients with breast cancer Received: 10 October 2019 | Revised: 19 February 2020 | Accepted: 7 August 2020 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13300 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Factors affecting mammography screening behaviour among rural Vietnamese women Linh Thuy Duong 1,2 | Hui-Mei Chen 1 | Chieh-Yu Liu 3 | Piao-Yi Chiou 4,5 1 School of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan 2 Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam 3 Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan 4 School of Nursing, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan 5 Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan Correspondence Hui-Mei Chen, School of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan. Email: alice@ntunhs.edu.tw Funding information This work was supported by the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of Taiwan (grant no. MOST 106-2314-B-227-001) and the National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences (grant no. 108ntunhs- TR-03). Abstract Objectives: To identify factors associated with mammography screening behaviour and its predictors among rural Vietnamese women. Method: A predictive correlational study involving 120 women aged ≥ 40 years was conducted in the suburbs of Hanoi, Vietnam, in July 2018 by using Breast Cancer Awareness Measurement and the Champion Health Beliefs Model Scale. Mammography screening behaviour was assessed by asking participants about their previous mammography experience. Results: Only 16.7% of participants had undergone mammography screening. High education levels, high monthly family income, having family members or friends with breast cancer, and receiving physicians’ recommendations increased the likelihood of participants screening for breast cancer. Mean scores on perceived susceptibil- ity and perceived barriers differed significantly between participants who had and those who had not undergone screening (t = 4.31; p < .001; t = −5.05; p < .001, respectively). Perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers significantly increased the predictive power of the hierarchical logistic model (critical value = 6.16; [df = 2]; p = .046). Perceived barriers were the most significant predictors of screening behav- iour (odds ratio 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71–0.99; p = .039). Conclusion: Efforts are necessary to increase mammography awareness in the com- munity and promote screening rates in Vietnam. KEYWORDS awareness, breast neoplasms, logistic models, mammography, Vietnam, women