W. Pedrycz & S.-M. Chen (Eds.): Time Series Analysis, Model. & Applications, ISRL 47, pp. 229–247.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-33439-9_11 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Chapter 11
Neural Networks and Wavelet De-Noising
for Stock Trading and Prediction
Lipo Wang and Shekhar Gupta
*
Abstract. In this chapter, neural networks are used to predict the future stock
prices and develop a suitable trading system. Wavelet analysis is used to de-noise
the time series and the results are compared with the raw time series prediction
without wavelet de-noising. Standard and Poor 500 (S&P 500) is used in experi-
ments. We use a gradual data sub-sampling technique, i.e., training the network
mostly with recent data, but without neglecting past data. In addition, effects of
NASDAQ 100 are studied on prediction of S&P 500. A daily trading strategy is
employed to buy/sell according to the predicted prices and to calculate the direc-
tional efficiency and the rate of returns for different periods. There are numerous
exchange traded funds (ETF’s), which attempt to replicate the performance of
S&P 500 by holding the same stocks in the same proportions as the index, and
therefore, giving the same percentage returns as S&P 500. Therefore, this study
can be used to help invest in any of the various ETFs, which replicates the perfor-
mance of S&P 500. The experimental results show that neural networks, with
appropriate training and input data, can be used to achieve high profits by invest-
ing in ETFs based on S&P 500.
1 Introduction
Stock prices are highly dynamic and bear a non-linear relationship with many
variables such as time, crude oil prices, exchange rates, interest rates, as well as
factors like political and economic climate. Hence stock prices are very hard to
model by even the best financial models. Future stock prices can be studied mere-
ly by historical prices.
Lipo Wang · Shekhar Gupta
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Nanyang Technological University
Block S1, 50 Nanyang Avenue,
Singapore 639798
e-mail: elpwang@ntu.edu.sg