This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/1749-4877.12444. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. ORIGINAL ARTICLE A first comparison of bone histomorphometry in extant domestic horses (Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758) and a Pleistocene Indian wild horse (Equus namadicus Falconer & Cautley, 1849) Running title: Extant and extinct horses: bone tissue Marco Zedda 1 , Vijay Sathe 2 , Prateek Chakraborty 2 , Maria Rita Palombo 3 and Vittorio Farina 1 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy; 2 Department of AIHC & Archaeology, Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, Pune, India; 3 CNR-IGAG c/o Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy. Corresponding author Prof. Marco Zedda, Dept. of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy. Phone +39.079.229583; E-mail mzedda@uniss.it Abstract The microstructural features of the tissue of long bones subjected to different biomechanical stresses could be a helpful tool for a better understanding of locomotor behavior in extant and extinct mammals, including equids. However, few researches have attempted to describe the bone tissue of extinct