Research Article
STATCOM Estimation Using Back-Propagation, PSO,
Shuffled Frog Leap Algorithm, and Genetic Algorithm Based
Neural Networks
Hamed Atyia Soodi and Ahmet Mete Vural
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, University of Gaziantep, S ¸ahinbey, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
Correspondence should be addressed to Hamed Atyia Soodi; hamedelec77@gmail.com
Received 18 October 2017; Revised 28 February 2018; Accepted 21 March 2018; Published 26 April 2018
Academic Editor: Carlos A. V. Sakuyama
Copyright © 2018 Hamed Atyia Soodi and Ahmet Mete Vural. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative
Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original work is properly cited.
Diferent optimization techniques are used for the training and fne-tuning of feed forward neural networks, for the estimation of
STATCOM voltages and reactive powers. In the frst part, the paper presents the voltage regulation in IEEE buses using the Static
Compensator (STATIC) and discusses efcient ways to solve the power systems featuring STATCOM by load fow equations. Te
load fow equations are solved using iterative algorithms such as Newton-Raphson method. In the second part, the paper focuses on
the use of estimation techniques based on Artifcial Neural Networks as an alternative to the iterative methods. Diferent training
algorithms have been used for training the weights of Artifcial Neural Networks; these methods include Back-Propagation, Particle
Swarm Optimization, Shufed Frog Leap Algorithm, and Genetic Algorithm. A performance analysis of each of these methods is
done on the IEEE bus data to examine the efciency of each algorithm. Te results show that SFLA outperforms other techniques
in training of ANN, seconded by PSO.
1. Introduction
Te power systems are the backbone of any country’s eco-
nomic and social sectors, without which a country cannot
excel in the industrial and social development. But the
power systems face the ever-growing load demand as more
industrial and housing units are established, which makes
the job of power system managing challenging. Recently,
the increase of nonlinear loads has badly afected the power
quality, due to inherent voltage fuctuations in these types of
loads, and has also raised question on the long-term stability
of the power systems and their associated instruments [1,
2]. Hence, more research studies have been dedicated to
improving the power quality and efciency through variety of
diferent techniques. Te total power in the system contains
both real and reactive power, which implies that if the reactive
power of the system is improved, the overall system can
beneft from this improvement.
A family of diferent devices which can control the
reactive power at designated buses is given the name Flexible
AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). Tese devices have the
capability to dynamically adjust diferent system parameters
to enhance the performance and quality [2]. Te FACTS are
actually controllers which can improve the system stability
in terms of voltages, reactive power, and phase angles in the
steady-state operation. One of the important FACTS devices
which we have focused on in this research is called the Static
Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). A STATCOM is
used to control the bus voltage or reactive power injec-
tion/absorption at the bus and is connected in shunt with the
designated bus.
Te STATCOM when used as a voltage regulator draws
controllable reactive currents from the buses. Since it is an
expensive device, the selection of the optimal bus for the
installation is of prime importance. When installed at an ideal
Hindawi
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
Volume 2018, Article ID 6381610, 17 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6381610