International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology | July 2020 | Vol 9 | Issue 7 Page 1002
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Bataduwaarachchi VR et al. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol. 2020 Jul;9(7):1002-1006
http://www.ijbcp.com
pISSN 2319-2003 | eISSN 2279-0780
Original Research Article
A survey on the knowledge, perceptions and practices regarding
unwanted medicine disposal among pharmacists in Sri Lanka
Vipula R. Bataduwaarachchi*, Chamari L. Weerarathna, A. Paherathy, Dinuka S. Warapitiya,
Mythili Sivapathasundaram, Thilini N. Wickramarathna, I. U. Haputhanthrige,
Maheshi D. Wijayabandara, T. Rameshkumar
INTRODUCTION
Unwanted medicines (UM) are defined as expired,
unused, damaged or contaminated pharmaceutical
products which are no longer required.
1
Improper
disposal of UM leads to many health and environmental
hazards such as poisoning, air pollution, contamination of
water and food sources etc. The presence of
pharmaceutical products in the environment has been
confirmed by ecological studies worldwide.
2
The World
Health Organisation (WHO) recommends that UM
should always be considered as pharmaceutical waste and
should never be utilised for humans and animals.
3
Most
of the Western countries have developed their own
guidelines on UM disposal. In Sweden, there is a system
to return unused medicine to pharmacies from the public,
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Received: 10 February 2020
Revised: 29 April 2020
Accepted: 30 April 2020
*Correspondence:
Dr. Vipula R. Bataduwaarachchi,
Email: vipbat7@yahoo.com
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ABSTRACT
Background: Unwanted medicines are defined as expired, unused, damaged or contaminated pharmaceutical
products. Improper disposal of unwanted medicines leads to many health and environmental hazards. The World
Health Organisation recommends that unwanted medicines should always be disposed properly. The main objective
of this study was to assess the knowledge, practices and perceptions on the disposal of unwanted medicines among
pharmacists in Sri Lanka.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among pharmacists in 40 private retail pharmacies in the Northern,
Eastern and the Western provinces within a period of three months. The pharmacies were selected via stratified
randomised sampling in each district. The most experienced pharmacist in each pharmacy was recruited for data
collection. A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used. The ethics approval was obtained (Ref: EC-12-
190). The data was represented using simple descriptive statistics.
Results: The data was collected from 40 pharmacies. Among the pharmacists, 65% were males. The majority
answered that burning and landfill as the most appropriate methods of disposal for most of the types of medicinal
waste. A significant number of pharmacists were not aware about the method of disposal for anti-infective agents and
anti-neoplastic agents. The majority perceived the seriousness of environmental damage caused by disposal via trash
or sink. A majority was not agreeing to have pharmacies as collecting centers for unwanted medicines. A discrepancy
between the pharmacists’ perceptions and the practices was observed.
Conclusions: The level of knowledge, practices and perceptions among pharmacists on unwanted medicines disposal
was substandard and needs attention.
Keywords: Medication waste disposal, Pharmaceutical waste, Unwanted medicines
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20202930