1 Copyright © 2019, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Chapter 1 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-6243-6.ch001 ABSTRACT Dental radiographs sufer frequently from issues such as low contrast and non-uniform illumination. The frst step, indeed a signifcant step, is to enhance these digital images to prepare them for successful post-processing. This pre-processing stage assists to increase the contrast between the foreground that is the teeth and bone from the background regions. In this chapter, image enhancement methods based on spatial, frequency, and spatial-frequency are implemented. The dental radiographs used are available in the public database. The performance of the enhancement methods is validated using qualitative and quantitative measures. It is observed from the results that the enhancement method aids in improving dental features such as crowns, fllings, and bridges. This enables human identifcation and diagnostic purpose in the way it is possible to identify a variety of diseases. It also prevents the need for a remake, saving the patient from an additional treatment. INTRODUCTION Human identification is a crucial and prime issue these days as traditional authentication systems may confirm tentative identity. Biometrics is one such technology that is used in identification for uniquely recognizing individuals based on the inherent, physical or behavioural qualities, such as fingerprint, iris, hand vein and voice. Dental biometrics has leading edge when compared to other modalities, which has more complex features and might lead to high error rate (Vijayakumari, Ulaganathan, & Banumathi, 2011; Lin, Lai, & Huang, 2010; Lin, Lai, & Huang, 2012; Rehman, Akram, Faraz, & Riaz, 2015). Digital Image Enhancement Techniques for Dental Radiographs: A Support to Clinicians E. Priya Sri Sairam Engineering College, India