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Developmental and Comparative Immunology. Vol. 13. pp 113-121. 1989 0145-305X/89 $300 + 00
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SUGAR SPECIFIC CELLULAR LECTINS OF PHALLUSIA
MAMILLATA HEMOCYTES: PURIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION
AND EVIDENCE FOR CELL SURFACE LOCALIZATION
Nicolo Parrinello and Vincenzo Arizza
Institute of Zoology. University of Palermo, via Archirafi 1B, 90123 Palermo, Italy
(Submitted June /988; Accepted December /988)
OAbstract-CeJlular lectins (CLs) of Phallus in
mamillata were demonstrated in protein prepa-
rations obtained by salt fractionation from he-
mocytes sonicated in a suitable medium. Since
the lectins from the precipitated fraction bind
sugars containing D-galactosyl groups, they
were purified by affmity chromatography on
Sepharose. SDS-PAGE under reducing condi-
tions showed that CLs are formed of two com-
ponents of apparent MWs approximately
36,900 and 35,090 and thus differ from serum
lectins (SLs) (MW about 62,2(}O). The
"shrinkage" observed when SLs were exam-
ined under nonreducing conditions suggest the
presence of intrachain disulpbide bonds which
can affect the molecular structure of the SLs.
CL-SL differences were also revealed by the
nonidentity reaction of the immuno-precipitate
in immunodiffusion using 'an anti-SL immune
serum. The capacity of
found on hemocyte surfaces in some
species (11,13,14,15). The plasma of
tunicates contains lectins characterized
by binding of specific sites to substances
such as sialic acid and, more frequently,
D-galactosyl residues. Lectins have
been detected by their capacity to aggJu-
tinate untreated and enzyme-treated
vertebrate erythrocytes and so far their
biological role has not been determined.
We recently reported that D-galactose
specific lectins of Ascidia malaca can be
found both free in the serum and present
on hemocyte surface (4,16). This finding
suggests that lee tins on cell surfaces
might act as receptors which can bind di-
rectly with surface sugars on foreign
particles or identify self-markers on cell
settes or clumps with erytbrocytes ....
strated that they possess Cl-Iactose specific 'Ct.s; .. > recognItIon In Invertebrates
on their surfaces.
OKeywords- Tunicates; Hemocytes; Lectins.
Introduction
Invertebrate lectins are sagar specific
glycoproteins which are present in the
hemolymph of all the examined species
and, in many cases, possess opsonic
functions (1-12). Lectins have also been
Requests for reprints should be addressed to
Professor Nicolo Parrinello, Istituto di Zoo-
logia, Via Archirafi, 1890123 Palermo. Italy.
This investigation was supported by grants
from the Italian M.P.I. (40%. 1987) and
C.N.R. (87.01649.04).
has"been attributed to molecular mecha-
nisms based on protein-carbohydrate in-
teractions at·cell surface levels (1,11,17-
21). It is known that invertebrates lack
immunoglobulins and their self nonself
recognition systems differ from those of
vertebrates inasmuch as they cannot be
defined in terms of specific antibody-an-
tigen complementarity (1,22). However.
lectins are common to both inverte-
brates and vertebrates, having also been
identified in several vertebrate tissues
(23,24).
Since evolutionary relationships be-
tween invertebrate and vertebrate
lectins remain an open question. studies
of tunicates. considered to be the ances-
tral chordates (25), might yield informa-
tion on homologs or functional analogs
113
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