Tsiganologie: The expert view of the “Gypsy question” in France 1 Begoña Barrera Department of Modern History University of Seville Calle María de Padilla s/n 41004 Seville, Spain Abstract: This article explores tsiganologie, a form of expert knowledge about the Tsiganes (Gypsies) that developed in France after the Second World War. To do so, I take as a case study the Études Tsiganes Associa- tion, founded in Paris in 1949, which became the centre of production and dissemination of such knowledge in France. It is argued that tsiganologie can be understood as a territoire savant and that the academics and ama- teurs who shaped it constituted an epistemic community with the author- ity to establish the scientific, social, cultural and political meaning of Tsi- gane issues. The discourse of the tsiganologues is examined, revealing how much of it they owed to nineteenth-century thought and showing how they moulded their strategies to the intellectual context of the 1950s and 1960s. Section I provides an overview of the background to this expert knowledge from the end of the eighteenth century to the middle of the twentieth; section II focuses on the foundation of Études Tsiganes and its intellectual activity during the first two decades of its existence, and sec- 1 Article produced with the support of a 2021 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, BBVA Foundation. The Foundation takes no responsibility for the opinions, statements and contents of this project, which are entirely the responsibility of its authors. This article also falls within the framework of the Spanish national R+D+I project HAR2015-64744-P. This article was translated by J.G. and A.S. Dawson. Begoña BARRERA, «Tsiganologie: The expert view of the “Gypsy question” in France». Cercles. Re- vista d’Història Cultural, 25, 161-197 ISSN: 1139-0158. ISSN-e: 1699-7468. DOI: 10.1344/cer- cles2022.25.1017. Data de recepció: 15/1/2022. Data d’acceptació: 7/4/2022. Data de publi- cació: 11/11/2022. bbl@us.es | orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-8479