Non-contact C-V and photoluminscence
measurements for More-than-Moore SOI devices
J.P. Gambino, D. Price, R. Jerome, H. Ziad*, T. Frank**
ON Semiconductor
Gresham,OR, * Oudenaarde, Belgium, ** Rochester, NY
jeff.gambino@onsemi.com
A. Kerekes*, V. Samu*, A. Ross, Z. Kiss*, J. Byrnes
Semilab
Tampa, FL *Budapest, Hungary
.
Abstract – A number of More-than-Moore (MtM) devices use
Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) wafers, including power devices and
CMOS image sensors. Non-contact capacitance-voltage (CV) and
photoluminescence measurements are well established for
characterization of dielectrics and minority carrier lifetime on
bulk Si wafers. In this study, we extend these measurements to
More-Than-Moore (MtM) Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) device
wafers.
Keywords— Non-contact C-V, SOI, Photoluminescence
I. INTRODUCTION
Silicon-on-Insulator technology was originally developed
for radiation hardness and Moore’s law high performance logic
devices [1], and recently has been extended to a number of
More-than-Moore devices, including RF switches [2], power
devices [3], and backside illumination (BSI) CMOS image
sensors (Fig. 1)[4-6].
Figure 1: Schematic of (a) high voltage device on SOI and (b) BSI image
sensor. Note that the device Si layer in the BSI image senor is essentially an
SOI structure.
Non-contact capacitance-voltage (CV) measurements using
corona charging are well established techniques for measuring
dielectric layers on bulk Si [7], and has recently been
demonstrated for BSI image sensors [6]. The contact potential
difference at the surface is measured with a vibrating electrode
that is ~ 250 μm above the dielectric layer (Fig. 2). The change
in the contact potential difference, ΔVcpd, equals the change in
voltage drop across the dielectric, ΔVOX, plus the change in
voltage drop across the semiconductor depletion layer, ΔVSB.
With illumination, the depletion layer collapses (VSB ~ 0), and
the measured Vcpd is due to VOX only. ΔVSB can then be
measured by comparing the change in Vcpd with corona charge
in light versus dark conditions. This method can be used to
measure the electrical dielectric thickness, TOX, flat band
voltage, VFB, the total charge required to achieve the flat band
condition, QTOT, and the interface trap density, DIT, across the
silicon bandgap in an energy range from flat band to deep
inversion (Fig 2).
Figure 2. Schematic of non-contact capacitance measurement using corona
charging to place a charge on the surface of the dielectric.
Figure 3. Schematic of energy bands for thin SiO2 layer on p-type Si; (a)
Initial condition in depletion showing charge in and on the oxide; (b) After
corona charging to the flat band condition.
Another non-contact characterization method is
photoluminescence imaging [8-10]. Micro photoluminescence
imaging (μPL Imaging) produces excitation of charge carriers
in the semiconductor using high intensity illumination. These
charge carriers recombine through various recombination
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