Conclusion Disruptive Technology and Defence Innovation Ecosystems: The Need for Dynamic Capabilities C.1. Overall conclusion The changes brought about by the digital revolution, considered as a disruptive innovation [BOW 95], have attracted particular attention from public and private defence stakeholders. The objective of governments and defence companies is to renew military capabilities through the integration of new digital technologies into existing networks and weapon systems. In the long term, some analysts predict that the architecture of future combat networks will be composed of intelligent and autonomous systems, capable of collaborating with human agents to perform complex tasks. All application areas of military capabilities are concerned. Sensors, command and control systems, vectors, effectors, as well as logistics activities, military support and training are already affected by the development of robotics, artificial intelligence, computer simulation, nanotechnologies or neuroscience. In this context, the risk for traditional defence stakeholders is to undergo change rather than drive it, by not accurately anticipating the impact of new technologies on business models, professional practices and concepts of operations. As recalled [ASS 06: 218], disruptive innovation refers to “a radically new concept, process, or product that significantly transforms demand and needs expressed in existing markets and industries, disrupts Conclusion written by Pierre BARBAROUX. Disruptive Technology and Defence Innovation Ecosystems, First Edition. Edited by Pierre Barbaroux. © ISTE Ltd 2019. Published by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.