Journal of Research in Business, Economics, and Education Volume 4 E-ISSN 2686-6056 Issue 4 DOI: 10.55683/jrbee.v4i4.393 August Edition 2022 © Authors. Terms and conditions of this job is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License apply. Correspondence: Ajeng Alfianita Abdila, RI Defense University. Email: ajengalfianitaa@gmail.com The Effect of Unemployment and Poverty on Criminality in East Java Province in Supporting State Defense Ajeng Alfianita Abdila * , Arif Tison Situmorang, Muhammad Hidayat, Akhmad Firmansyah Buhroni, Fera Septyana, Ivan Yulivan, Yudi Sutrasna Defense Economics Study Program, Defense Management Faculty, RI Defense University, IPSC Sentul Area, Sukahati, Kec. Citeureup, Bogor Regency, West Java 16810 e-mail: ajengalfianitaa@gmail.com Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of unemployment and poverty on crime, especially in the province of East Java in an effort to maintain national defense. This research entirely uses secondary data obtained from BPS East Java. This study uses the analisis Ordinary Least Square (OLS) approach with Eviews. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Unemployment has a positive and significant effect on crime in East Java. (2) Poverty has a positive and significant effect on crime in East Java. (3) Unemployment and Poverty have a simultaneous or joint effect on crime in East Java. Based on the results of this study, the authors suggest to the East Java Provincial Government to make policies that are oriented towards reducing the number of unemployment and poverty in East Java Province. Keywords: Poverty, Unemployment, Criminality Defense, East Java. 1. Introduction Data from the Directorate General of Population and Civil Registration (Directorate General Of Population And Civil Registration Of The Ministry Of International Affairs Of The Republic Of Indonesia, 2020) noted that as of December 2020, Indonesia's population reached 271.35 million people. In 2020, East Java province contributed 39,955.9 thousand people and was ranked second after West Java. This population can present opportunities as well as challenges for the Indonesian government and especially the East Java Provincial Government. Talking about challenges, the government needs to take steps in an effort to minimize or anticipate threats that may occur as a result of population growth and lead to disruption of the National Defense. The threat category according to Law no. 3 of 2002 was initially divided into two, namely military and non-military threats, but the times have made additions in the form of threats, namely hybrid threats. The military threat itself is divided into 2, namely in the form of aggression and non- aggression. Threats using weapons by other countries are called threats of aggression, while non- aggression threats are threats that may or may not be used by foreign parties or citizens themselves which can endanger the sovereignty, territorial integrity, safety of the state and the whole nation. Armed insurgency, terrorism, threats to vital objects, territorial violations, terrorism, espionage, communal conflicts, and threats either at sea or in the air are forms of military threats, not aggression. One of the causes of threats from citizens themselves is due to dissatisfaction with the government,