CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SEED SiO
2
LAYER IN STACKED
Si0
2
-Ta
2
O
5
GATE DIELECTRICS
Pradip K. Roy, Michael A. Laughery and Carlos M. Chacon
Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Orlando, Fl
Ayman M. Kanan and Thomas Daugherty
Therma-Wave, Inc. Fremont, Ca
Abstract
A major hurdle in the gate dielectric scaling using conventionally grown Si0
2
has been
excessive tunneling that occurs in ultra-thin (<25A) Si0
2
. High dielectric constant
materials have high concentrations of bulk fixed charge, unacceptable levels of Si-Ta
2
05
interface trap states, and low Silicon interface carrier mobilities. Stacked Ta
2
0
5
gate
dielectrics have alleviated these issues with significant improvements in leakage,
tunneling, charge trapping behavior, and interface substructure. Transistors fabricated
using this stacked gate dielectric exhibit excellent sub threshold, saturation, and drive
currents. In this study, we have characterized the first Si0
2
(8-12A) layer of the Si0
2
-
Ta
2
05 stack by ThermaWave (TWI 5240SE) absolute ellipsometry (AE) using He-Ne (X
= 630nm) laser light source and by corona oxide semiconductor (COS) non-contact
techniques. We have also monitored the kinetics of a thin hydrocarbon layer deposition
on top of these films that can be removed by simple heat treatments (250'C - 400'C).
Electrical thickness (Tox) of these oxides measured by COS indicates this hydrocarbon
layer has no impact on To.. Stacked Ta
2
O5 was synthesized by metal organic chemical
vapor deposition (MOCVD) of a 50-75A thick Ta
2
O5 layer at 480'C, 300mTorr followed
by an in-situ 550'C UV-0
3
anneal to densify the Ta
2
05 film and grow an additional 5A
Si0
2
layer underneath the first grown Si0
2
layer resulting in an effective Si0
2
thickness
of 25-30A (process 1). We have done exactly the same deposition schedule after
chemically removing the first LP grown Si0
2
layer resulting in an effective SiO
2
thickness of 15-20A (process 2). Transistors are now fabricated for our sub-0.16gm
CMOS technologies. These stacked films indicated excellent charge trapping (Dit, Vfb,
Qtot), leakage and tunneling characteristics from COS electrical measurements.
INTRODUCTION
Direct tunneling current increases rapidly when the thickness of Si0
2
gate oxide is
reduced below 25A making conventional Si0
2
gate dielectrics not useful for sub-0.1 8pm
technologies. According to the 1997 National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors,
the first shipments of 0.151gm-technology based integrated circuits (ICs) will be shipped
in 2001. The transistors in these ICs are expected to use gate dielectrics with capacitance
equivalent to 20-30A of Si0
2
. Therefore, it extremely important to consider high
dielectric constant materials of equivalent electrical thickness that are capable of
sustaining a substantial voltage difference between the gate electrode and the Si-substrate
[1,2]. The problems that these high-k materials suffer from include unacceptable levels of
interface trap states (Dt) [3], bulk fixed charge (Qf), low Si interface carrier mobility, and
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Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 567 © 1999 Materials Research Society