Phylogenetic and Maturity Analyses of Sixty Soybean Genotypes Used for DNA Marker Development of Early Maturity Quantitative Trait Loci in Soybean I Made Tasma*, Dani Satyawan, Ahmad Warsun, Muhamad Yunus, and Budi Santosa Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Jl. Tentara Pelajar 3A, Bogor 16111 Phone (62-251) 8337975; Facs. (62-251) 8338820; *E-mail: tasma12@yahoo.com Submitted: 6 Agustus 2010; Accepted: 28 Januari 2011 ABSTRAK Analisis Filogenetik dan Kegenjahan 60 Genotipe Kedelai untuk Pengembangan Marka DNA Terkait Karakter Umur Genjah pada Kedelai. I Made Tasma, Dani Satyawan, Ahmad Warsun, Muhamad Yunus, dan Budi Santosa. Produktivitas kedelai Indonesia saat ini masih rendah de- ngan rataan nasional 1,3 t/ha. Salah satu cara meningkatkan produksi kedelai nasional dengan memanipulasi indeks panen menggunakan varietas super genjah. Pemuliaan ke- delai super genjah dipercepat dengan menggunakan bantu- an marka molekuler. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk me- milih tetua-tetua dengan perbedaan kontras karakter umur genjah dan menunjukkan jarak genetik jauh. Tetua terpilih digunakan untuk membentuk populasi untuk pengembang- an marka molekuler terkait umur genjah. Uji kegenjahan 60 genotipe kedelai dilakukan di dua lokasi, KP Cikeumeuh (Bogor) dan KP Pacet (Cianjur) menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, tiga ulangan. DNA genomik 60 genotipe ke- delai dianalisis menggunakan 18 marka SSR dan dendro- gram kekerabatan antar aksesi dikonstruksi menggunakan Unweighted Pair-Group Method Arithmatic melalui program Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate System versi 2.1-pc. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi normal 60 genotipe kedelai di kedua lokasi pada karakter waktu berbunga (32-48 hari), waktu berpolong (35-55 hari), waktu matang fisiologis (75-92 hari), dan waktu panen (78-99 hari). Diperoleh empat genotipe berumur genjah (umur masak tergenjah 75,3 hari dan warna pubescent coklat), tiga genotipe umur dalam (umur masak terdalam 89,7 hari dan warna pubescent abu-abu). Jumlah alel SSR total 237, rataan alel per lokus 12,6 (3-29), rataan nilai PIC 0,78 (0,55-0,89). Tingkat kesamaan genetik berkisar 74,8-95%. Pada kemiripan 77% membagi genotipe menjadi enam klaster (empat genotipe umur genjah ada pada klaster III dan IV dan tiga genotipe umur dalam ada pada klaster II). Berdasarkan analisis data umur, warna pubescent, dan analisis filogenetik terpilih tujuh tetua yang digunakan untuk pengembangan marka terkait umur genjah, yaitu empat tetua berumur genjah B1430, B2973, B3611, B4433 dan tiga tetua berumur dalam B1635, B1658, dan B3570. Dua belas populasi F 2 dibentuk menggunakan bantuan marka Satt300 dan Satt516. Dua di antara populasi tersebut dapat diguna- kan untuk pengembangan marka molekuler umur genjah. Kata kunci: Marka molekuler, umur genjah, kekerabatan genetik, kedelai, QTL. Hak Cipta © 2011, BB-Biogen ABSTRACT Phylogenetic and Maturity Analyses of Sixty Soybean Genotypes Used for DNA Marker Development of Early Maturity Quantitative Trait Loci in Soybean. I Made Tasma, Dani Satyawan, Ahmad Warsun, Muhamad Yunus, and Budi Santosa. The Indonesian soybean productivity is still very low with the national average of 1.3 t/ha. One means to improve national soybean productivity is by manipulating harvest index by cultivating very early maturing soybean cultivars. Development of early maturing soybean cultivars can be expedited by using marker-aided selection. The objective of this study was to select parental lines having contrasted maturity traits and selected parents must be genetically distance. The parents then were used to develop F 2 populations for detecting early maturity QTL in soybean. Maturity tests of 60 soybean genotypes were conducted at two locations, Cikeumeuh (Bogor) and Pacet (Cianjur) using a randomized block design with three replications. Genomic DNA of the 60 genotypes were analyzed using 18 SSR markers and genetic relationship was constructed using the Unweighted Pair-Group Method Arithmatic through Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate System program version 2.1-pc. Results showed that the 60 genotypes demonstrated normal distribution in both locations for days to R1 (32-48d), days to R3 (35-55d), days to R7 (75-92d), and days to R8 (78-99d). Four early maturing genotypes and three late genotypes were obtained. Total SSR alleles observed were 237 with average allele per locus of 12.6 (3-29), and average PIC value of 0.78 (0.55-0.89). Genetic similarity among genotypes ranges from 74.8-95%. At similarity level 77% divided the genotypes into six clusters (the four selected early maturing genotypes located in clusters III and IV, while the three late genotypes located in cluster II). Based on maturity data, pubescent color, and phygenetic analysis seven parents were selected (four early maturing genotypes B1430, B2973, B3611, B4433 and three late genotypes B1635, B1658, and B3570). Twelve F 2 populations were developed with the aid of SSR markers Satt300 dan Satt516. Two of the populations will be used to develop DNA markers for earliness in soybean. Keywords: Molecular marker, maturity, genetic distance, soybean, QTL. Jurnal AgroBiogen 7(1):37-46