Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 1741 © 2015 Materials Research Society
DOI: 10.1557/opl.2015.
Defect engineering in AlGaN-based UV optoelectronic heterostructures grown on c-Al
2
O
3
by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Sergei Rouvimov
1,2
, Valentin N. Jmerik
1
, Dmitrii V.Nechaev
1
, Valentin V. Ratnikov
1
,
Alexey A. Toropov
1
, Eugenii A. Shevchenko
1
, Pavel N. Brunkov
1
, Mikolai V. Rzheutski
3
,
Eugenii V. Lutsenko
3
, and Sergey V. Ivanov
1
1
Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, 194021, 26 Politekhnicheskaya str., St.-Petersburg, Russia,
2
University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, U.S.A.
3
Stepanov Institute of Physics of NAS Belarus, Independence Ave. 68, Minsk 220072, Belarus
ABSTRACT
AlGaN-based SQW heterostructures grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on c-
Al
2
O
3
substrates have been studied with high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR
TEM), photoluminescence spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. The high-temperature (780°C)
synthesis of the AlN buffer layer nucleated on c-Al
2
O
3
by a migration enhanced epitaxy and
including several ultra-thin GaN interlayers grown under moderate N-rich conditions was shown
to be the optimum approach for lowering the threading dislocations density down to
10
8
-10
9
cm
-2
. HR TEM study has confirmed the fine structure of single quantum wells (SQW)
formed by a sub-monolayer digital alloying technique and revealed different kinds of
compositional inhomogeneities in the Al
x
Ga
1-x
N barrier layers of the heterostructures, including
the formation of Al-rich barriers induced by the temperature-modulated epitaxy and the
spontaneous compositional disordering along the growth axis for x=0.6-0.7. The influence of
these phenomena on the parameters of the mid-UV stimulated emission observed in the SQW
structures has been studied as well.
INTRODUCTION
Improving the structural quality of AlGaN-based heterostructures with high Al content (x>0.4) is
a crucial issue for fabricating high efficiency UV optoelectronic devices working in the sub-
300 nm wavelength range. Several approaches to defect engineering have been employed in a
plasma-assisted MBE (PA MBE) to reduce the threading dislocation (TD) density in the top
(active) region of the heterostructures grown on c-Al
2
O
3
substrates. It has resulted in lowering
the optical threshold power density from several MW/cm
2
down to
150 kW/cm
2
for the optically pumped AlGaN mid-UV laser heterostructures grown on c-Al
2
O
3
[1,2]. Recently, the threshold has been lowered below 100 kW/cm
2
for analogous AlGaN/Al
2
O
3
heterostructures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) [3].
The paper studied the generation and filtering of TDs during PA MBE of AlN/GaN buffer
heterostructures on c-Al
2
O
3
substrates using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
(HR TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Different types of compositional
inhomogeneities in Al
x
Ga
1-x
N waveguide layers of the AlGaN QW laser structures, in particular
the ultra-thin Al-enriched barrier layers induced by substrate-temperature modulated epitaxy
(TME) and the spontaneously formed aperiodic compositional modulations along the c-axis for x
in the 0.6-0.7 range, as well as the fine structure of the AlGaN QWs grown by sub-monolayer
digital alloying (SDA) technique [2] were detected by HR TEM and analyzed from the view
point of PA MBE growth and their effect on the laser structure performance studied by
photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.
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