Research Article
Feature Extraction with Ordered Mean Values for
Content Based Image Classification
Sudeep Thepade,
1
Rik Das,
2
and Saurav Ghosh
3
1
Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Akurdi, Sec. 26, Pradhikaran, Nigdi, Pune, Maharashtra 411033, India
2
Xavier Institute of Social Service, Dr. Camil Bulcke Path (Purulia Road), P.O. Box 7, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834001, India
3
A. K. Choudhury School of Information Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009, India
Correspondence should be addressed to Rik Das; rikdas78@gmail.com
Received 24 July 2014; Revised 18 November 2014; Accepted 18 November 2014; Published 17 December 2014
Academic Editor: Lijie Li
Copyright © 2014 Sudeep Tepade et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Categorization of images into meaningful classes by efcient extraction of feature vectors from image datasets has been dependent
on feature selection techniques. Traditionally, feature vector extraction has been carried out using diferent methods of image
binarization done with selection of global, local, or mean threshold. Tis paper has proposed a novel technique for feature extraction
based on ordered mean values. Te proposed technique was combined with feature extraction using discrete sine transform (DST)
for better classifcation results using multitechnique fusion. Te novel methodology was compared to the traditional techniques
used for feature extraction for content based image classifcation. Tree benchmark datasets, namely, Wang dataset, Oliva and
Torralba (OT-Scene) dataset, and Caltech dataset, were used for evaluation purpose. Performance measure afer evaluation has
evidently revealed the superiority of the proposed fusion technique with ordered mean values and discrete sine transform over the
popular approaches of single view feature extraction methodologies for classifcation.
1. Introduction
Massive expansion of image data has been observed due
to the use of digital cameras, Internet, and other image
capturing devices in recent times. Classifying images has
been considered as a vital research domain for efcient
handling of image data as discussed by Lu and Weng in
[1]. Recognition of images based on the content has been
dependent on extraction of visual features from the dataset
as suggested by Liu and Bai in [2], Agrawal et al. in [3],
and Kekre and Tepade in [4]. Conventional approaches for
feature extraction from images have considered binarization
as a means to diferentiate the image into higher and lower
intensity values as adopted in one of their approaches by
Kekre and Tepade in [5] and Shaikh et al. in [6], respectively.
Multiple applications of binarization on graphic images
and document images have been implemented, some of
which were proposed by Ntirogiannis et al. [7], Sezgin and
Sankur [8], and Yang and Yan [9]. A novel technique for
feature extraction using values of ordered means has been
proposed in this work. However, an image encompassed
diverse features which can hardly be described with a single
technique of feature extraction. Image recognition has been
stimulated in the past by feature extraction with partial
coefcient in transform domain as discussed by Kekre et al.
[10]. Hence discrete sine transform and Kekre transform were
applied on the images to extract partial coefcients as feature
vectors in transform domain. Te two transform domain
techniques were compared for superior classifcation results
and discrete sine transform (DST) was chosen over Kekre
transform for fusion with the ordered mean feature extraction
process for better classifcation results. It was evaluated for
classifcation performance and was compared to existing
widely used techniques for feature extraction. Te results
have clearly indicated superior performance of classifcation
with multiview method of feature extraction with proposed
technique over the existing techniques.
2. Related Work
Selection of threshold has been an important criterion for
feature extraction with binarization. Treshold selection has
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Advances in Computer Engineering
Volume 2014, Article ID 454876, 15 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/454876