Abstract²7HPSHUDWXUH GLVWULEXWLRQ LQYHVWLJDWLRQ LQ D FRQLFDO GLIIXVHU ILWWHG ZLWK KHOLFDO VFUHZWDSH ZLWK DQG ZLWKRXW FHQWHUURG LV VWXGLHG QXPHULFDOO\ $ KHOLFDO VFUHZWDSH LV LQVHUWHG LQ WKH GLIIXVHU WR FUHDWH VZLUO IORZ WKDW KHOSV WR HQKDQFH WKH WHPSHUDWXUH GLVWULEXWLRQ UDWH ZLWK LQOHW 5H\QROGV QXPEHU  [   7KUHH SLWFK OHQJWKV UDWLRV Y/L    DQG  IRU WKH KHOLFDO VFUHZWDSH ZLWK DQG ZLWKRXW FHQWHUURG DUH VLPXODWHG DQG FRPSDUHG 7KH JHRPHWU\ RI WKH FRQLFDO GLIIXVHU DQG WKH LQOHW FRQGLWLRQ IRU ERWK DUUDQJHPHQWV DUH NHSW FRQVWDQW 1XPHULFDO ILQGLQJV VKRZ WKDW WKH KHOLFDO VFUHZWDSH LQVHUWV ZLWKRXW FHQWHUURG SHUIRUP VLJQLILFDQWO\ EHWWHU WKDQ WKH KHOLFDO WDSH LQVHUWV ZLWK FHQWHUURG LQ WKH FRQLFDO GLIIXVHU Keywords²'LIIXVHU WHPSHUDWXUH GLVWULEXWLRQ &)' SLWFK OHQJWK UDWLR , ,1752'8&7,21 GLIIXVHU LV D GHYLFH RI D GLYHUJHQW DUHD ZKLOH WKH FURVV VHFWLRQ DUHD RI GLIIXVHU LQFUHDVHV LQ WKH GLUHFWLRQ RI IORZ WKH IOXLG LV GHFHOHUDWHG DV LW IORZV WKURXJK LW FDXVLQJ D ULVH LQ VWDWLF SUHVVXUH DORQJ WKH VWUHDP 7KLV SURFHVV LV NQRZQ DV GLIIXVLRQ :LWK WKLV LPSRUWDQW FKDUDFWHULVWLF WKH GLIIXVHUV SUHVHQW VHYHUDO DSSOLFDWLRQV LQ GLIIHUHQW HQJLQHHULQJ EUDQFKHV HVSHFLDOO\ ZKHUH WKH JHRPHWULF OLPLWDWLRQV DUH UHTXLUHG ,Q VXFK DSSOLFDWLRQV GLIIXVHUV QHHGHG WR EH VSHFLDOO\ GHVLJQHG VR DV WR DFKLHYH PD[LPXP SUHVVXUH UHFRYHU\ DQG DYRLGLQJ IORZ VHSDUDWLRQ ,W LV ZLGHO\ XVHG LQ JDV WXUELQHV SXPSV IDQV ZLQG WXQQHOV HWF +HDW WUDQVIHU DQG IORZ G\QDPLFV LQ SLSHV DQG GLIIXVHUV KDYH HQMR\HG VWURQJ DWWHQWLRQ RI ERWK QXPHULFDO DQG H[SHULPHQWDO UHVHDUFK RQ RYHU WKH SDVW \HDUV 7KH HQKDQFHPHQW RI KHDW WUDQVIHU LV WKH SURFHVV RI LPSURYLQJ WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI D KHDW WUDQVIHU V\VWHP E\ LQFUHDVLQJ WKH KHDW WUDQVIHU FRHIILFLHQW 7KURXJK WKH SDVW GHFDGHV KHDW WUDQVIHU HQKDQFHPHQW WHFKQRORJ\ KDV EHHQ GHYHORSHG DQG ZLGHO\ XVHG LQ PDQ\ DSSOLFDWLRQV IRU H[DPSOH DHURVSDFH DSSOLFDWLRQV JDV WXUELQHV FRPEXVWLRQ FKDPEHUV DQG KHDW H[FKDQJHUV 7KHVH WHFKQLTXHV FDQ EH FDWHJRUL]HG WR DFWLYH DQG SDVVLYH WHFKQLTXHV 7KH DFWLYH WHFKQLTXH UHTXLUHG H[WHUQDO SRZHU VXFK DV VXUIDFH YLEUDWLRQ IOXLG YLEUDWLRQ HOHFWULF VXFWLRQ DQG LQMHFWLRQ ZKLOH WKH SDVVLYH WHFKQLTXHV GRQ¶W QHHG DQ H[WHUQDO SRZHU IRU H[DPSOH URXJK VXUIDFH H[WHQGHG VXUIDFH VXUIDFH ( 6 6KXNUL LV ZLWK WKH )DFXOW\ RI 0DFKLQHU\ DQG (TXLSPHQW ,QVWLWXWH RI 7HFKQRORJ\ %DJKGDG 0LGGOH 7HFKQLFDO 8QLYHUVLW\ %DJKGDG ,UDT HPDLO HKDQVDEDK#\DKRRFRP : :LVQRH LV ZLWK WKH 0HFKDQLFDO (QJLQHHULQJ 'HSDUWPHQW 8QLYHUVLW\ 7HFKQRORJ\ 0$5$ 8L70  6KDK $ODP 6HODQJRU 0DOD\VLD HPDLO ZLUDBZLVQRH#\DKRRFRP WHQVLRQ GHYLFHV DQG VZLUO IORZ GHYLFHV 7KH SDVVLYH WHFKQLTXHV DUH EHQHILFLDO FRPSDUHG ZLWK DFWLYH WHFKQLTXHV EHFDXVH WKH PDQXIDFWXULQJ SURFHVV IRU WKHVH WHFKQLTXHV DUH VLPSOH DQG FDQ EH HDVLO\ HPSOR\HG WR WKH H[LVWLQJ DSSOLFDWLRQ ,W KDV EHHQ SRLQWHG RXW WKDW WKH SDVVLYH WHFKQLTXHV FDQ SOD\ DQ LPSRUWDQW UROH LQ WKH KHDW WUDQVIHU HQKDQFHPHQW LI D SURSHU FRQILJXUDWLRQ RI WKH LQVHUWV EHLQJ VHOHFWHG GHSHQGV RQ ZRUNLQJ FRQGLWLRQV >@ >@ 6ZLUOLQJ IORZ DV PHQWLRQHG HDUOLHU LV RQH RI WKH SDVVLYH WHFKQLTXHV ,W LV XVXDOO\ DFFRPSDQLHG ZLWK KLJK WDQJHQWLDO YHORFLW\ DQG WXUEXOHQFH LQWHQVLW\ ZKLFK SURYLGHV DQ DGGLWLRQDO PHFKDQLVP WR LQFUHDVH WKH KHDW WUDQVIHU UDWH >@>@ 7KH SULQFLSOH RI KHDW WUDQVIHU HQKDQFHPHQW LQ WKH FRUH IORZ RI WXEH ZLWK KHOLFDO VFUHZWDSH LQVHUWV ZDV VWXGLHG >@ 7KH DLP ZDV WR LPSURYH WKH WHPSHUDWXUH XQLIRUPLW\ DQG WR UHGXFH WKH IORZ UHVLVWDQFH 7KH VLPXODWLRQ UHVXOWV VKRZHG WKDW WKH DYHUDJH RYHUDOO KHDW WUDQVIHU FRHIILFLHQWV LQ FLUFXODU SODLQ WXEHV ZHUH HQKDQFHG ZLWK KHOLFDO VFUHZWDSH RI GLIIHUHQW ZLGWKV E\ DV PXFK DV   6 (LDPVDDUG HW DO >@ GHVFULEHG KHDW WUDQVIHU HQKDQFHPHQW FDXVHG E\ KHOLFDOO\ WZLVWHG WDSHV (DFK KHOLFDOO\ WZLVWHG WDSH ZDV IDEULFDWHG E\ WZLVWLQJ D VWUDLJKW WDSH WR IRUP D W\SLFDO WZLVWHG WDSH WKHQ EHQGLQJ WKH WZLVWHG WDSH LQWR D KHOLFDO VKDSH 7KH H[SHULPHQWV ZHUH SHUIRUPHG ZLWK WKUHH GLIIHUHQW WZLVW UDWLRV y/W RI    DQG WKUHH GLIIHUHQW KHOLFDO SLWFK UDWLRV p/D RI    DW 5H\QROGV QXPEHU UDQJHG EHWZHHQ   )RU DOO FDVHV KHDW WUDQVIHU UDWH WHQGHG WR LQFUHDVH ZLWK LQFUHDVLQJ 5H\QROGV QXPEHU DV D UHVXOW RI LQFUHDVHG WXUEXOHQFH LQWHQVLW\ 0RUHRYHU ILQGLQJV VKRZHG WKDW DW VLPLODU FRQGLWLRQV KHDW WUDQVIHU UDWH DQG IULFWLRQ IDFWRU LQFUHDVHG DV WKH WDSH WZLVW UDWLR DQG KHOLFDO SLWFK UDWLR GHFUHDVHG *O HW DO >@ IRXQG WKDW DQ LQFUHDVH RI KHDW WUDQVIHU UDWH XS WR  FRXOG EH DFKLHYHG E\ WKH LQVHUWLRQ RI D VKRUW KHOLFDO WDSH SODFHG DW WKH HQWUDQFH RI D FLUFXODU WXEH 1XPEHUV RI QXPHULFDO DQG H[SHULPHQWDO VWXGLHV KDYH EHHQ PDGH WR UHSRUW WKH HIIHFW RI XWLOL]LQJ KHOLFDO VFUHZWDSHV ZLWK DQG ZLWKRXW FRUHURG 6 (LDPVDDUG HW DO >@ FRQILUPHG WKDW 1XVVHOW QXPEHU LQFUHDVHG E\  IRU WKH IXOOOHQJWK KHOLFDO VFUHZWDSH ZLWK FRUHURG DQG  IRU WKH IXOOOHQJWK KHOLFDO VFUHZWDSH ZLWKRXW FRUHURG LQ FRPSDULVRQ ZLWK WKH SODLQ WXEH 7KH LQFUHDVH LQ KHDW WUDQVIHU DQG SUHVVXUH GURS FDQ EH H[SODLQHG E\ WKH VZLUOLQJ IORZ DV D UHVXOW RI WKH VHFRQGDU\ IORZV RI WKH IOXLG ,W ZDV REVHUYHG WKDW WKHUH ZHUH VWURQJ VZLUOLQJ IORZV LQ WKH WXEH ILWWHG ZLWK WKH KHOLFDO VFUHZWDSH ZLWK D FRUHURG ZKLOH WKH ZHDN VZLUOLQJ IORZ ZDV VHHQ LQ WKH KHOLFDO VFUHZWDSH ZLWKRXW D FRUHURG 7HPSHUDWXUH 'LVWULEXWLRQ (QKDQFHPHQW LQ D &RQLFDO 'LIIXVHU )LWWHG ZLWK +HOLFDO 6FUHZ7DSH ZLWK DQG ZLWKRXW &HQWHU5RG (KDQ 6DEDK 6KXNUL :LUDFKPDQ :LVQRH $ World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:10, No:3, 2016 532 International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(3) 2016 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10003907 International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:10, No:3, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10003907