Abstract— Global warming due to engine emission and rapid depletion of petroleum reserves, has given us opportunity to find bio fuels. Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that can be produced from renewable feedstock such as edible and non- edible vegetable oils, wasted frying oils and animal fats. Biodiesel is an oxygenated, sulphur free, non-toxic, bio gradable and renewable fuel. Use of Karanja oil methyl ester biodiesel in a CIDI engine was found highly compatible with engine performance along with lower exhaust emission as compared to diesel fuel but with slightly higher NOx emission and low wear characteristics. A Military 160hp, Turbo charged with intercooled, 06 cylinders CIDI engine was operated using Estrified Karanja oil biodiesel and diesel fuel respectively. Engine was subjected to 100 hours long term endurance test with both test fuels. Lubricating oil samples drawn from engine after a fixed interval of 20 hours were subjected to elemental analysis. Metal debris concentration analysis was done by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Wear of metals were found to be about 35% lower for bio-diesel operated engine. The additional lubricating property of biodiesel fuel due to higher viscosity as compared to diesel fuel resulted in lower wear of moving parts and thus improved the engine durability with a bio-diesel fuel. Index Terms— Diesel, Estrified Karanja oil biodiesel, military, metal wear, turbo charged I. INTRODUCTION he biodiesel has emerged as alternative for diesel fuel [1,5], due to renewable nature, better ignition quality, comparable energy content, higher density, better safety due to higher flash point [2,6,7,8]. It is sulphur free, non aromatics, non toxic, and oxygenated. These characteristics reduce the emission of carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) in the exhaust gas as compared with petroleum diesel. It is essential to evaluate engine wear characteristics, especially when the engine is to be operated on alternative biodiesel. Karanja oil biodiesel is having properties nearer to diesel (Table 1). Karanja plant can be grown in the wasteland and does not require too much care. It can be cultivated in all available wasteland to meet the total fuel requirement in future [10,11,12]. Manuscript received March 20, 2011; revised April 22, 2011. Anand Kumar Pandey is Research Scholar in College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, Pin 411005 India anand_alkapandey@yahoo.co.in M R Nandgaonkar is with College of Engineering Pune, Maharashtra Pin 411005 (corresponding author phone: +919850174795; fax: +9102025507299; e-mail: mrn.mech@coep.ac.in). TRANSESTERIFICATION OF KARANJA OIL In the present study, the Karanja oil was used for making Karanja oil methyl ester biodiesel. Karanja oil was converted into methyl ester by the transesterification process. Its involves making the triglycerides of Karanja oil to react with methyl alcohol in the presence of a catalyst (KOH/ NaOH) to produce glycerol and fatty acid ester (3,14). II. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP In this research, a 118kW, 06 cylinder, four stroke, variable speed, and turbocharged with intercooled, Military CIDI diesel engine was tested. The engine was coupled to a 1125kW hydraulic dynamometer (SAJ). The basic specifications of the engine are given in Table 2. An electronic fuel meter was used to measure the fuel flow rate. For the measurement of the engine exhaust emission, Indus Automotive Exhaust Monitor, model PEA 205, gas analyzer (CO, HC, NOx) using electrochemical sensors was used to measure emissions on a dry basis, and the results were subsequently converted to a wet basis. In the gas analyzer, a probe is inserted into the exhaust pipe line and the other end is connected to the data acquisition system. A variable speed range from 1200-2400 engine rpm with full load condition was selected for performance test. Whereas a constant speed 1800 engine rpm with part load condition was maintained throughout the wear test for both the test fuels. The engine was operated for 100h with both test fuels. Samples of lubricating oil were collected through a one way valve connected to the crankcase sump at 10h intervals. The first sample was collected immediately after the engine had warmed up. The test was carried out with diesel fuel using new lubricating oil first. After100h operation, the fuel and lubricating oil were replaced with Karanja biodiesel and fresh lubricating oil and the same procedure was followed for both the test fuels. Immediately after collection, test samples were analyzed to obtain wear results. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (model: GBC, Avanta, Australia) with dry ash technique was used for extracting metals from the lubricating oil samples (10 ml). TABLE1 PROPERTIES OF FUELS SELECTED FOR ENGINE EXPERIMENTS Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Esterified Karanja Oil Biodiesel on Performance, Emission and Engine Wear of a Military 160hp Turbocharged CIDI Engine Anand Kumar Pandey and M R Nandgaonkar T Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2011 Vol III WCE 2011, July 6 - 8, 2011, London, U.K. ISBN: 978-988-19251-5-2 ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online) WCE 2011