~ 49 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal 2015; 4(9): 49-52 ISSN: 2277- 7695 TPI 2015; 4(9): 49-52 © 2015 TPI www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 24-09-2015 Accepted: 28-10-2015 Veena Sharma Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Banasthali University, Jaipur Rajasthan, 304022, India. Aastha Agarwal Research Student, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Banasthali University, India. Shatruhan Sharma Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Banasthali University, Jaipur Rajasthan, 304022, India. Correspondence: Veena Sharma Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Banasthali University, Jaipur Rajasthan, 304022, India. Chemopreventive and antioxidant upshots of Indigofera tinctoria hydromethanolic extract in NPYR induced lung cancer in murine subjects Veena Sharma, Aastha Agarwal, Shatruhan Sharma Abstract Indigofera tinctoria is one of the important plants of various traditional medicinal systems. We assessed the effect of hydromethanolic extract of Indigofera tinctoria on biochemical parameters, glutathione- metabolizing enzymes, lung specific markers and glycoproteins in N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) induced experimental lung toxicity in Swiss albino mice. Experimental subjects bearing lung cancer showed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total protein content (TPC) and total cholesterol content (TCC). Catalase (CAT) alleviated in NPYR intoxicated mice. Glutathione metabolizing enzymes decreased while lung specific markers-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and glycoprotein level increased in NPYR administered mice subjects. Confirmed by histological study, post treatment of low and high doses of I. tinctoria hydromethanolic (ITHML and ITHMH) extract normalizes the abnormal enzymatic and biochemical factors which signify antioxidant and anticancer activity of the plant. Keywords: Lung cancer, chemoprevention, Indigofera tinctoria, oxidative stress. 1. Introduction Epidemiological studies suggest that lung cancer is the second leading cause of death around the globe (Coll and Josserand, 2006) [1] . Every year nearly 1, 70, 000 cases are diagnosed with lung cancer (Meuwissen and Berns, 2005) [2] . Apart from many genetic and environmental reasons, the key cause of lung cancer is smoking which contains a number of nitrosamine compounds. Lung cancer malignancy is related to the oxidative stress. This hypoxic condition arises due to the depletion of oxygen from microenvironment of the cell (Valko et al., 2006) which boost in the cancer cell proliferation and caused impinge on various cell mediated responses and its functioning. The severity of damage can be seen in lipid bilayer membranes, nucleic acids and various proteins which also include enzymes. A number of studies showed that genotoxicity and cytotoxicity transpired by these electrophilic entities caused DNA damage by the formation of DNA adducts. Mitogen activated protein kinases as c-Jun and extracellular signal regulated kinases get activated and promote cellular proliferation (McLean et al., 2014) and alter expression of redox signaling pathways (Puig-Vilanova et al., 2015) [3] . N-nitroso Pyrrolidine (NPYR), a cyclic nitrosamine is a well known carcinogen present in tobacco and tobacco smoke (Tricker et al., 1991) [4] . This yellow colored, odorless compound formed both cyclic and open chain DNA adducts (Chung and Hecht, 1983; Wang and Hecht, 1997) [5, 8] . Number of these adducts are sometimes higher in RNA than in DNA. A prolonged presence of adducts in genetic material leads to miscoding during replication and transcription and induced mutations in p53, k-ras genes which play a critical role in lung carcinogenesis (Hecht, 1999) [6] . A number of chemopreventive drugs such as paclitaxel, cisplatin and other therapies are not so much effective, these conformist therapies are costly and impart a number of side effectives and lower the chances of patient’s survival. In spite of vast research all over the world, there is a need to unearth an alternate, cost-effective cure which cause lesser side effects and thus ensure the permanence of the human subjects. Medicinal plants as Indigofera tinctoria can be a promising source in filling the voids which armamentarium therapies made. Due to the presence of various phytoconstituents having antioxidant and chemopreventive properties, the plant is documented in Indian traditional medicinal system as a potent source to ameliorate various human ailments (Saraswathi et al., 2012) [7] . The study was demeanor in order to spotlight biochemical changes, oxidative stress parameters, glutathione-metabolizing enzymes, lung toxicity biomarker assays, glycoprotein levels in NPYR induced toxicity and to evaluate the antioxidant and chemopreventive perspectives of hydromethanolic extract of Indigofera tinctoria.