FANET: Ef ficient Routing in Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs) Using Firefly Algorithm Manjit Kaur, Aman Singh, Sahil Verma, Kavita, N. Z. Jhanjhi, and M. N. Talib Abstract In recent years, the use of emerging technologies and the role of flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) have rapidly changed. Flying ad hoc networks are gen- erally used in different areas such as media, agriculture, business, entertainment, security services, and various emergency services. Flying ad hoc network provides highly dynamic environments. The unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) depend on nodes (packets) where nodes are moving very fast and thus packets loss during transmission. In this paper, define an approach that is based on the firefly algorithm (FA). The proposed algorithm applied the firefly algorithm’s idea on flying ad hoc networks where geographical position mobility-oriented routing protocol (GPMOR) objectives to reduce the number of hops based on Gauss Markov (GM) mobility model. It improves the performance of routing by ef ficient packets. Keywords Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) Á Flying ad hoc network (FANET) Á Routing protocol Á Firefly algorithm M. Kaur Á A. Singh School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India e-mail: manjit.12438@lpu.co.in S. Verma (&) Á Kavita Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India e-mail: sahilverma@ieee.org Kavita e-mail: kavita@ieee.org N. Z. Jhanjhi School of Computer Science and Engineering, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia e-mail: NoorZaman.Jhanjhi@taylors.edu.my M. N. Talib Papua New Guinea University of Technology, Lae, Papua New Guinea e-mail: muhammad.talib@pnguot.ac.pg © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 S.-L. Peng et al. (eds.), Intelligent Computing and Innovation on Data Science, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 248, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3153-5_51 483