Ta Modified TiO
2
Supports Exhibit Exceptional Durability in Polymer Electrolyte
Fuel Cells
Amod Kumar and Vijay Ramani
Center for Electrochemical Science and Engineering
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
Ta modified TiO
2
was synthesized using a sol-gel procedure and
evaluated for use as an electrocatalyst support. Of the materials
evaluated, Ta
0.3
Ti
0.7
O
2
exhibited remarkably high stability under
aggressive potential cycling tests designed to mimic harsh
automotive drive cycles. The capacitance of the Ta
0.3
Ti
0.7
O
2
support changed by 12% whereas the pseudocapacitance of a
carbon benchmark changed by over 100% under identical test
conditions. Pt/Ta
0.3
Ti
0.7
O
2
electrocatalyst prepared by catalyzing
this support showed high electrochemical stability which was
attributed to a strong metal support interaction (SMSI); and fairly
good performance. The stability of the catalyzed supports were
evaluated by monitoring the evolution of the electrochemical
surface area (ECSA) under potential cycling, loss in ECSA of
Pt/Ta
0.3
Ti
0.7
O
2
was found to be 35% compared to 46% for Pt/C
over 10,000 load cycles. Pt/Ta
0.3
Ti
0.7
O
2
showed fairly good
performance: the electrochemical surface area of this
electrocatalyst was 41 m
2
/g, while the mass activity and area-
specific activities for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were 62
mA/mg
Pt
and 151 μA/cm
2
Pt
, respectively, as ascertained from
electrochemical experiments performed on a rotating disk
electrode (RDE). Based on these results, we propose that
Ta
0.3
Ti
0.7
O
2
is an excellent corrosion-resistant alternative to carbon
as an electrocatalyst support.
Introduction
Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) have shown tremendous promise for automotive,
stationary, and portable applications. There are, however, several challenges that need to
be addressed before successful commercialization of PEFC technology is realized.
Currently, platinum supported on carbon (Pt/C) is recognized as the state-of-the-art
catalyst in PEFCs.(1) Carbon possesses many desirable properties for a suitable catalyst
support such as high electron conductivity and high surface area, which allows high
dispersion of catalyst metal.(2) Therefore, it is widely used as a catalyst support material
in PEFCs. However, carbon suffers from electrochemical degradation under conditions of
high temperature, high humidity, high electrode potential, and low pH.(3, 4) Carbon
corrosion occurs by the following reaction:(5)
C + 2H
2
O -> CO
2
+ 4H
+
+ 4e
-
0.207 V vs. RHE [1]
10.1149/05801.1823ecst ©The Electrochemical Society
ECS Transactions, 58 (1) 1823-1834 (2013)
1823