Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing www.iiste.org ISSN 2422-8419 An International Peer-reviewed Journal Vol.35, 2017 70 Predictors of Culture Competence among Nursing Students in Riyadh City- Saudi Arabia Deyaaldeen AL-Rababah 1 Imad Fashafsheh 2 Imad Thultheen 3 Mazen ALotaibi 4 Mohammad Nassani 5 1. Deyaaldeen AL-Rababah1, MsN, RN. Al Farabi College-Riyadh-KSU 2. Dr. Imad fashafsheh, PhD, RN. Al Farabi College-Riyadh-KSU 3. Dr. Imad Thultheen, PhD, RN. Al Farabi College-Riyadh-KSU 4. Mazen ALotaibi, BDS. Al Farabi College-Riyadh-KSU 5. Dr. Mohammad Nassani, DDS, PhD. Al Farabi College-Riyadh-KSU Abstract Cultural diversity is one of the challenges for nurses working in multicultural communities, as Kingdom of Saudi Arabia community. Aim of the study was to investigate the cultural competence of Saudi nursing students in Riyadh city. Design: Cross-sectional. Quantitative method applied with self-administered questionnaire. Sample: Convenience sample consists of 205 participants from five private and governmental colleges collected between November 2016 and January 2017. Results: Response rate 70%, the majority of the sample were females (58%), 50% of the participants didn’t get any training regarding care for cultural diverse patients. 36 % of the sample didn’t live in environment with different cultural people. However the majority (87%) provides a care for diverse cultural patients and deal with patients from different cultures. Total scores of culture competence mean among nursing students in Riyadh city was 74.54 ± 14.9. For each item the highest mean was 3.96 ± 0.96 which related to the ability to teach and guide other nurses to display appropriate behavior. Keywords: Nursing students, Cultural, Competence. 1. Background and Literature Review Culture diversity and different nationalities is one milestone of Saudi Arabia in general, and Riyadh city specially. About 3 million out of 7.74 million of Riyadh people are not Saudi, although there are no formal statistics about the number of nationalities in Saudi Arabia; but it’s thought that more than 150 nationalities with different religions and cultures can be seen in Saudi Arabia (Saudi Research and Marketing LTD, 2007). Culture diversity can result in different conflicts between employees; in one study 92% of the participants whom work in hospitality industry have experienced conflict with other workers because of culture diversity (Lee & Lee, 2014). In nursing one of the causes of conflicts with patients and families is culture diversity, nursing and patient or families conflicts can based on different themes include family culturally based need for participate in patient care, culturally communication difficulties, and families' needs for self-determination and cultural norms, which can conflict with nurses perception as professional and total care provider, and there responsibility for clinical environment (Høye & Severinsson, 2010). Medical care provider own values can affect the patients and care, Olson et al., (2016) in their study found that 91 % of medical care students (n= 271) were aware that own values might affect the patients. Own culture can influence beliefs and attitudes; one study' results showed that 71% (n= 293 nurses) strongly agree or agree that their culture influence their beliefs and attitudes (McElroy et al., 2016 ). Culture was used to describe, the sum of behavior, belief, and values of people in their society (Chuenjitwongsa, 2016). Nurses provide care for patients with different cultures, ethnics, religions, and traditions. In one study in united states the nursing students participants reported that high percentage of their patient were from different culture (M= 68.8%), from ethnic minorities (M= 77.2%), or different language (M= 23.4%) (Flood& Commendador, 2016), this care need to be supported with culture competence in order to provide high quality nursing care. Nursing Culture competence defined as: the gradual development of nursing capacity to provide quality and safe nursing care for patients of different cultural background (Cai, 2016). Culture competence can enhance quality care (Young, & Guo, 2016, Jeong, et.al, 2016). To achieve effective health care for diverse patients; culture competence need to be developed (Shen, 2015). Predictors of culture competence among nursing students include previous training on cultural diversity care, living with people of diverse cultures, to be in the last year of the nursing undergraduate program, previous experience in caring of culturally diverse patients (Cruz et al., 2016). Age also is a predictor as shown in the study conducted by (Riley, Smyer, & York, 2012). Many dimensions related to culture competence were addressed by different literature instruments include attitude, skills, knowledge, behaviors, encounters, and design (Lin et al., 2016) Up to date few or no studies were conducted in Riyadh city to assess predictors of culture competence