Complete edentulism and related factors …
Edentulism is defined as the loss of all permanent
teeth
(1)
and is the terminal outcome of a multifactorial
process involving biologic processes (caries,
periodontal disease, pulpal pathology, trauma, oral
cancer) as well as nonbiologic factors related to dental
procedures (access to care, patient’s preferences,
treatment options etc.)
(2)
. Poor oral health has been
shown to have a negative effect on peoples overall
health and quality of life
(2,3)
.
Edentulism remains an important public health
problem worldwide
(2)
. It is an often overlooked public
health issue, especially for those over 65 years of age,
and has been associated with changes in food taste,
food preferences and nutritional deficiency
(4)
.
The loss of teeth can impair function, esthetics and
phonations and is restored most of the time with
prosthesis. Although preventive dentistry helps
protecting teeth, the demand for prosthodentic
treatment is expected to rise even in developed
countries as a result of a rapid increase in their elderly
population
(1-3)
. Many countries are facing an aging
population, which will cause a ratio of individual over
65 years of age up to 50% in the coming decades. The
number of edentulous patient even in countries with a
high standard of dental health care is significant
(1-3)
.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO)
Global Oral Data Bank the prevalence of edentulism
older than 65 years was shown as 58% in Canada, 41%
in Finland and 46% in the United Kingdom
(5)
.
Sulaimani Dental Journal
©
2015 108
Kawan Salahaddin Othman
1
, Dana Mustafa Abdulla
2
& Kamil Karim Muhhamad
2
1
B.D.S, M.Sc, Ph.D (Prosthodontics).
Lecturer of Prosthodontics. Department
of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry,
Faculty of Medical Science, University
of Sulaimani, Iraq.
2
B.D.S, M.Sc (Prosthodontics). Lecturer
of Prosthodontics. Department of
Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry,
Faculty of Medical Science, University
of Sulaimani, Iraq.
Cite this article as: Othman KS, Abdulla DM, Muhhamad KK. Complete edentulism and related factors among patients
visiting prosthodontics department clinic of School of Dentistry - University of Sulaimani. Sulaimani
Dent J. 2015;2(2):108-112.
Introduction:
Correspondence to;
Dr. Kawan S. Othman
kawan.othman@univsul.edu.iq
Received: August, 2015
Accepted: October, 2015
Published: December, 2015
Complete edentulism and related factors among
patients visiting prosthodontics department clinic of
School of Dentistry - University of Sulaimani
Sulaimani Dental Journal
SDJ
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of complete edentulism and
associated factors among patients visiting prosthodontics department clinic of School of
dentistry Sulaimani University, in order to plan for future oral health care provisions for the
society, collecting epidemiological data on oral health particularly related to prosthodontics
and its related issues.
Materials and Methods: The samples comprised 280 completely edentulous patients, who
attended University of Sulaimani School of dentistry prosthodontics department clinic,
patients questioner filled out which covered their age, gender, reasons for edentulousness,
medical history, and presence of previous denture and the reason of not using it. The patients
were divided in to four age groups; Group I (40-49) years, Group II (50-59) years, Group III
(60-69) years, and Group IV 70 years and above. The relationship between the variables were
investigated then evaluated.
Results: The results showed that 155 (55.4%) of the patients were males and 125 (44.6%) of
the patients were females. The majority of the patients were from age group III (60-69) years,
while minority of the patient were from age Group I (40-49). Tooth decay was the major
cause of edentulousness (75.4%), while periodontitis constitutes only (24.65) of the cases.
Among the total number of participants only (35%) of them were have systemic problems,
61.2% suffered from hypertension, 29.6% were diabetic, and only 9.2% of the patients have
cardiovascular problem. Finally, the results revealed that from 280 patients 164 (58.6 %)
have previous dentures, poor retention (48.2%), fracture (31.7), tooth wear (12.2%),
discomfort (4.2%), and stability (3.7%); were the reason of not using these dentures.
Conclusions: An effective relationship between age, gender, tooth decay, periodontal
disease, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease with edentulism is present.
Keywords: Complete edentulism, complete dentures, prosthodontics.