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International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2014; 2(1): 189-196
ISSN: 2347-5129
IJFAS 2014; 2(1): 189-196
© 2013 IJFAS
www.fisheriesjournal.com
Received: 06-07-2014
Accepted: 01-08-2014
Hyppolite Agadjihouede
(a) Laboratory of Hydrobiology
and Aquaculture, Faculty of the
Agronomic Sciences, University of
Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 P.O.
Box 526, Cotonou, Benin.
(b) High National School of
Agronomics Sciences and Technics
of Ketou, BP95 Ketou, Benin.
Elie Montchowui
(a) Laboratory of Hydrobiology
and Aquaculture, Faculty of the
Agronomic Sciences, University of
Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 P.O.
Box (b) High National School of
Agronomics Sciences and Technics
of Ketou, BP95 Ketou,
Benin.526, Cotonou, Benin.
Simon Ahouansou Montcho
(a) Laboratory of Hydrobiology
and Aquaculture, Faculty of the
Agronomic Sciences, University of
Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 P.O.
Box 526, Cotonou, Benin.
(b) High National School of
Agronomics Sciences and Technics
of Ketou, BP95 Ketou, Benin.
Clément Agossou Bonou
Laboratory of Applied Biology
Research / Polytechnic School of
Abomey-Calavi, University of
Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 P.O.
Box 2009 Cotonou, Benin.
Philippe A. Laleye
Laboratory of Hydrobiology and
Aquaculture, Faculty of the
Agronomic Sciences, University of
Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 P.O.
Box 526, Cotonou, Benin.
Correspondence:
Hyppolite Agadjihouede
(a) Laboratory of Hydrobiology and
Aquaculture, Faculty of the
Agronomic Sciences, University of
Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 P.O. Box
526, Cotonou, Benin.
(b) High National School of
Agronomics Sciences and Technics of
Ketou, BP95 Ketou, Benin.
Growth and development of three species of the
zooplankton (Brachionus Calyciflorus, Moina micrura
and Thermocyclops sp.) breeding on poultry dropping
in mixed condition in tanks
Hyppolite Agadjihouede, Elie Montchowui, Simon Ahouansou Montcho,
Clément Agossou Bonou and Philippe A. Laleye
Abstract
Breeding of Brachionus Calyciflorus (rotifer), Moina micrura (cladoceran) and Thermocyclops sp.
(copepod) on poultry dropping were investigated in mixed condition. The most production per day was
obtained in chicken dropping medium (p < 0.05) with in top B. Calyciflorus (973 ± 249 individuals/L),
followed M. micrura (126 ± 08 individuals/L) and Thermocyclops sp. (45 ± 19 individuals/L). M.
micrura had a higher intrinsic rate (a) and the less duplication time (Td) (a = 0.88 ± 0.05; Td = 1.13 ±
0.07), followed B. Calyciflorus (a = 0.73 ± 0.02; Td = 1.38 ± 0.05) and Thermocyclops sp. (a = 0.21 ±
0.01; Td = 5.08 ± 0.88). The colonization phase ranged 6-12
th
day for M. micrura and B. calyciflorus and
18-21
th
day for Thermocyclops sp. Evolution profile and dynamic of populations showed: (1) quickly
evolution marked by a peak followed a crash of species rotifer (B. calyciflorus) and cladoceran (M.
micrura); (2) more late evolution of copepod (Thermocyclops sp.). In perspectives of culture of life food
for larviculture, it result of this experiment that the harvest of zooplankton may be realized 6-12
th
day
when the zooplankton production reached its high level; and rotifers and cladocerans were abundant.
Keywords: Growth, Development, Zooplankton, Brachionus Calyciflorus, Moina micrura,
Thermocyclops sp., Breeding and Poultry dropping.
1. Introduction
Among freshwater zooplanktons, protozoans, rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods are
numerically more abundant than other groups
[1]
. In terms of biomass, rotifers and crustaceans
(cladocerans and copepods) are often the dominant group
[2, 3]
. Because of their high sensitivity
to changes in the physico-chemical characteristics of natural water systems, there are
sometimes only a few cladoceran species present as dominant groups. For example, Bosmina,
Cercopagis, and Daphnia are usually wide-spread in temperate water, while Ceriodaphnia,
Moina, and Simocephalus attain higher densities in tropical waters
[2]
.
The most important environmental factors controlling generally the growth and reproduction
of zooplankton are temperature
[4, 5]
and food quantity and quality
[6, 7]
. Algae are one of the
most important and commonly affecting factors for herbivorous zooplankton such as
cladocerans and rotifers. However, there is not always a good equivalence between size (or
nature) algae and those of the dominant herbivorous
[8]
. The big cladocerans as Daphnia which
are the most effective herbivorous in temperate environment, are little represented in tropical
environment
[9]
when the grazing especially exercised by bodies of small size (rotifers, shorts
cladocerans, nauplii of copepods, etc.) on the small cells will rather have tendency to move
competition for nutriments in favor of the big algae or cyanobacteries not consummate and
susceptible to proliferate. But, the pressure of grazing by zooplankton herbivorous is indirectly
modulated with the selective predation of bodies’ zooplanktivorous (fishes, invertebrate
predators), of which some belong to the zooplankton, as some rotifers, cladocerans or the
terminal stages of cyclopids. The importance of such interactions trophics in cascade
[10]
was
demonstrated in many ecosystems. All those studies especially concerned the temperate
environments and the natural ecosystems and the models elaborated for those