Research Article
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hamacher Generalized Shapley Choquet
Integral Operators Based Decision-Making Model for Feature
Extraction and Automatic Material Classification in Mining Area
Using Satellite Data
Seema Khanum ,
1
M. Gunasekaran ,
2
S. V. Rajiga ,
1
A. Firos ,
3
and Kafui Tsoeke Agbevanu
4
1
Department of Computer Science, Government Arts College, Salem 636007, India
2
Department of Computer Science, Government Arts College, Dharmapuri 636705, India
3
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh 791112, India
4
Department of Computer Science, Ho Technical University, P. O. Box HP 217, Ho, Ghana
Correspondence should be addressed to A. Firos; firosabd@gmail.com and Kafui Tsoeke Agbevanu; kagbevanu@htu.edu.gh
Received 24 March 2022; Revised 19 April 2022; Accepted 22 April 2022; Published 30 May 2022
Academic Editor: Samson Jerold Samuel Chelladurai
Copyright © 2022 Seema Khanum et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
e normal methods for monitoring environmental pollution with image data have many false positives. erefore, this study is
proposing a single-valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) (a variant of NS)-based method as a decision-making model using intui-
tionistic fuzzy Hamacher generalized Shapley Choquet integral operators for feature extraction and automatic material clas-
sification in mining area using satellite data. e experimental results show that this decision-making model using intuitionistic
fuzzy Hamacher generalized Shapley Choquet integral operators for feature extraction and automatic material classification can
better predict the presence of four heavy metals, i.e., vanadium(V), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni) in the study area than
other methods. For vanadium metal, the determination accuracies, namely, producer accuracy, user accuracy, overall accuracy,
and Kappa were 94.5%, 94.1%, 93.88%, and 0.93%, respectively. It was found that the estimated results and the distribution trend
of heavy metals are almost the same as in actual ground measurements.
1. Introduction
e environmental pollution due to heavy metal mining is
increasing day by day [1]. Geological Survey of India data
say that India is consuming 4% of vanadium produced in
the world, that is, about 85000 metric tons. In this arena,
China is the largest player, who consumes 44% of this metal
and they are producing 57% of globe’s vanadium. e
vanadium metal is noted for its toxicity [25]. e symptoms
associated with vanadium poisoning are cough with spu-
tum, wheezing, sore throat, headache, and rhinitis. e
studies have shown that vanadate acts directly on the
smooth muscle of the bronchi. It promotes the release of
Ca
2+
in the cells by a mechanism involving the production
of inositol triphosphate and inhibition of ATPase [6].
Vanadium has “insulin-like” action [7, 8], and this effect
explains the observed hypoglycemia.
In remote sensing technology, we acquire information or
data about the Earth’s surface without actually being in
contact with it [9]. e best example of remote sensing are
our eyes. Human beings observe many things through the
eyes without touching these things. However, our eyes are
not sensitive to all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Our eyes are only sensitive to the visible part of the elec-
tromagnetic spectrum. erefore, we as humans use a very
small window of the electromagnetic spectrum. But there are
some animals and birds which are more sensitive in other
parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. For instance, the
mammal bat has got a different kind of remote sensing
technology. at means, it sends the echo pulses and records
Hindawi
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
Volume 2022, Article ID 2890996, 15 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2890996