On-Off control based particle swarm optimization for maximum power point tracking of wind turbine equipped by DFIG connected to the grid with energy storage Sami Kahla a,* , Youcef Soufi b , Moussa Sedraoui a , Mohcene Bechouat a a Department of Electronic and Telecommunication, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University 08 Mai 1945 of Guelma, BP40, Guelma, Algeria b Labget Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Larbi T ebessi, T ebessa, Algeria article info Article history: Received 9 February 2015 Received in revised form 29 April 2015 Accepted 1 May 2015 Available online 29 May 2015 Keywords: DFIG Energy storage Maximum power point tracking On-Off control Particle swarm optimization (PSO) abstract In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to generate an On-Off Controller. On-Off Control scheme based maximum power point tracking is proposed to control the rotor side converter of wind turbine equipped with doubly fed induction generator connected to the grid with battery storage. The Grid Side Converter (GSC) is controlled in such a way to guarantee a smooth DC voltage and ensure sinusoidal current in the grid side. Simulation results show that the wind turbine can operate at its optimum power point for variable speed and power quality can be improved. Copyright © 2015, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction Electrical energy is increasing in recent years and the con- straints related to its production, such as the effects of pollution, the research lead to the development of renewable energy sources. In this context, Wind energy conversion sys- tems (WECS) offer a very competitive solution. To overcome the problem of efficiency for maximum performance, it is necessary to optimize the design of all parts of the WECS [1,2]. Variable-speed wind turbines are currently the most used wind energy conversion system. The doubly-fed-induction- generator (DFIG)-based wind energy conversion system, also known as improved variable-speed, is presently the most popular generator for wind energy application [3]. The DFIG is a Wound rotor induction generator with the stator windings connected directly to the three phases, constant-frequency grid and the rotor windings connected to a back-to-back (AC-DCeAC) voltage source converter [4]. The power electronics converter consists of IGBT con- verters, namely the rotor side and the grid side converter, connected with a direct current (DC) link. The main idea is that the rotor side converter controls the generator in terms of * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: samikahla40@yahoo.com (S. Kahla), y_soufi@yahoo.fr (Y. Soufi), msedraoui@gmail.com (M. Sedraoui), mohcene. oui@gmail.com (M. Bechouat). Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/he international journal of hydrogen energy 40 (2015) 13749 e13758 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.05.007 0360-3199/Copyright © 2015, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.