Chapter 19
From strategic depiction of conspiracies
to conspiracy theories
RT’s and Sputnik’s representations
of coronavirus infodemic
Mari-Liis Madisson and Andreas Ventsel
University of Tartu
Our study focuses on the coverage of coronavirus-related conspiracies/conspir-
acy theories published in spring 2020 (n = 146) in Anglophone media outlets
RT and Sputnik that are fnanced by the Russian government. In our analysis
we rely on a semiotic approach to strategic (conspiracy) narratives. Our study
demonstrates a signifcant shif in the representation of conspiracies: instead of
the depiction of malicious acts of secret grouping, RT and Sputnik narrate about
alarming efects of conspiracy theories. Coronavirus-related conspiracy theories
are represented as a means that the US is using in blame games against China
and Russia, as well as a propaganda-tool for scaring the Western audience.
Keywords: strategic narratives, conspiracy theory, Model Reader, COVID-19
infodemic
1. Introduction
Te year 2020 will go down in history as the year of the coronavirus pandemic,
unprecedented restrictions on mobility, and infodemic. Already in an early phase
of the global spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, on February 15 2020, a month
before the pandemic was declared, the Director General of the WHO Dr. Tedros
Adhanom Ghebreyesus gave a talk that highlighted the dangers of an infodemic
emerging side by side with the coronavirus. According to WHO an infodemic is
an overabundance of information, which includes deliberate attempts to dissem-
inate wrong information to undermine the public health response and advance
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.98.19mad
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