160 Int. J. Environment and Pollution, Vol. 14, Nos. 1–6, 2000
Copyright © 2000 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
Validation of models AEROFOUR and AEROPOL
using the model validation kit established at Mol
M. Kaasik
Department of Environmental Physics, University of Tartu, Tähe str. 4,
51010 Tartu, Estonia
Abstract: The AEROPOL and AEROFOUR dispersion models developed at
Tartu Observatory (Estonia) are validated using the Lillestrøm dataset and
following the model comparison rules established at the workshop in Mol.
Running the AEROFOUR model, the vertical wind and temperature
covariations not included into the official dataset were used. The computed and
measured arc-wise maximum and crosswind integrated concentrations match
fairly. No clear tendency of over- or under-prediction was found. The best
performance was achieved by AEROFOUR model with the above-mentioned
covariations included into the initial dataset. This demonstrates that the detailed
measurement techniques give clear advances for model estimations if the model
is designed to use this kind of data.
Keywords: AEROFOUR, AEROPOL, atmospheric dispersion models,
Lillestrøm experiment, model evaluation, model validation.
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Kaasik, M. (2000)
‘Validation of models AEROFOUR and AEROPOL using the model validation
kit established at Mol’, Int. J. Environment and Pollution, Vol. 14, Nos. 1–6,
pp. 160–166.
1 Introduction
The model validation exercise for the air pollution model harmonization workshop at Mol
consisted of three datasets: those from Kincaid, Copenhagen, and Lillestrøm. As the
modelling showed, the last of these was most difficult to reproduce (Olesen, 1995). The
experiment was carried out in a plain suburban landscape with 6 to 10 m high buildings
and trees. The most important peculiarity of the Lillestrøm experiment was stable thermal
stratification, which was present during six experimental runs out of eight. The wind
velocity at 10 m ranged from 0.5 to 2 m/s. The passive tracer (sulphur hexafluoride) was
released at 36 m height. During each experimental run the concentrations were measured
at 2 or 3 arcs at distances of 150 to 900 m downwind from the source. The sampling
points were placed at 1 m above street level. All five models compared at Mol under
predicted the arc-wise maximum and crosswind integrated concentrations.
Dispersion modelling in conditions of thermal inversion is especially difficult,
because relatively small thermal and mechanical perturbations may cause large relative
changes of diffusivities and, therefore, dramatically change the concentration patterns
near the surface. In such cases, direct measurements of wind and temperature fluctuations
are useful. These measurements were performed during the Lillestrøm experiment, but
only the dispersions of wind components were included into the Model Validation Kit