International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-019-00603-5
ORIGINAL PAPER
Learning perceptions of Smart Grid class with laboratory
for undergraduate students
Arturo Molina
1
· Pedro Ponce
1
· Germán Eduardo Baltazar Reyes
1
· Luis Arturo Soriano
1
Received: 23 January 2019 / Accepted: 7 June 2019
© Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract
Due to the modernization of the electrical grid and the commitments to it made by several governments and industries around
the world, the work of engineers specialized in the electrical field is necessary more than ever. However, in recent years,
the number of engineers working in this area has been decreasing, while almost half of their current population is prone to
retirement. To solve this problem, universities began to modify their electrical engineering programs and courses, giving more
focus to the implementation of Smart Grid technology. Although various approaches have been used in teaching methodologies
to educate new engineers, it is also necessary to evaluate if the contents given in such classes are being properly taught. This
paper proposes a new syllabus and new Smart Grid class, which is based on hand on experiments in a Smart Grid laboratory.
This proposal promotes and trains undergraduate students in the use of the new technologies that are being deployed in the
electrical industry nowadays, and it includes a discussion of the social, economic and environmental implications of the
new ways to generate and distribute electrical power. To evaluate if the class methodology in our project was successfully
implemented, a student perception survey was applied to analyze the way the undergraduate students perceived the Smart
Grid class given to them. Additionally, signal detection theory and fuzzy logic type 1 and type 2 were used to compare
their answers with the ones given by the professor as part of assessing the efficiency of the class syllabus and the teaching
methodology for the purpose of improving their quality in future courses. The results obtained showed that the students
acquired a synthesis of learning and analytical thinking to equip them with the competencies to solve the various challenges
of electrical grid modernization. Additionally, the proposed new class methodology utilized innovative hands-on activities in
laboratory practices that reinforced the learning of the most relevant theoretical concepts of the Smart Grid technology.
Keywords Educational Innovation · Fuzzy logic type 1 · Fuzzy logic type 2 · Perception · Signal detection theory · Smart
Grid
1 Introduction
The Smart Grid implementation requires effort from sev-
eral sectors, including governments, industry, education, and
end users, among others. The traditional electrical grid mod-
B Germán Eduardo Baltazar Reyes
a01331329@itesm.mx
Arturo Molina
armolina@tec.mx
Pedro Ponce
pedro.ponce@tec.mx
Luis Arturo Soriano
larturo.soriano@tec.mx
1
School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de
Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico
ernization involves the implementation and development of
advanced technology. Because of this modernization, the
electrical power stages of generation, transmission, distri-
bution, and consumption have increased their functionality
and participation. The integration of communication and
information technologies in Smart Grids enables bidirec-
tional communication between stakeholders and the main
grid. Similarly, the Smart Grid promotes the high penetration
of renewable resources in the main grid through distributed
generation installation. Thus, according to [1], the main func-
tional benefits acquired by the modernization of the grid are
reliability, security, and efficiency.
In [2], the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) formulate the Smart Grid in seven domains; namely,
Customers, Markets, Service Providers, Operations, Bulk
Generation, Transmission and Distribution. These domains
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