Medical Laboratory Technology Journal Copyright © 2018, MLTJ, ISSN 2461-0879 Medical Laboratory Technology Journal Available online at : http://ejurnal-analiskesehatan.web.id 4 (2), 2018, 63-68 Study of Culture and Sensitivity Pattern In Urinary Tract Infections in A Tertiary Care Center in Nepal Binod Chapagain 1 , Parshal Bhandari 2 , *Binod Aryal 1 1 Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital(TUTH), Kathmandu, Nepal 2 Medical Officer, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal * Email: aryalbinod17@gmail.com DOI: 10.31964/mltj.v%vi%i.191 Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to find out the causative agents of urinary tract infections (UTI) and their culture and antibiotic sensitivity in patients visiting Tribhuvan Universi- ty and Teaching Hospital (TUTH). A retrospective study conducted among 155 patients, aged from 25-50 years with culture-positive UTI, who visited TUTH from 1st April 2017 to 30th Sep- tember 2017. A culture of midstream urine was done to find out causative agents and their anti- biotic sensitivity performed. Data were evaluated using Microsoft Excel 2016. Female were more affected than males. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common microbes causing UTI in 53% patients. Most of the isolates on culture were Multi -Drug Resistant (MDR) strains to comprise 52%. Of the total gram-negative organisms, 33.9% were Extended Spectrum β- lactamase (ESBL) producers, and 3.57% were Metallo β-lactamase (MBL) producers. 29.41% of Staphylococcus were resistant to methicillin. E.coli is the most common organism causing UTI among adults. Multidrug-resistant has appeared alarming with resistant to most of the first line antibiotics. Keywords: Urinary tract infection (UTI); Antibiotics; β-lactamase; Resistant Received 2018-11-06; Revised 2018-12-17; Accepted 2018-12-19 INTRODUCTION Microbial invasion of any tissue from renal cortex to urethral meatus is considered as Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (Obiogbolu et al., 2009). About 10% of population experi- ence UTI in their lifetime is one of the most common infectious disease (Farajnia et al.,2009). UTI is more common in females than males and rarely occurs in men without any functional or anatomical abnormalities along urinary tract (Stamm et al., 2001). Sex (distance between anus and urethral mea- tus,shorter in female), age (low concentration of lactobacillus in elder female), personal hy- giene, pregnancy, use of birth control pills, im- mune-suppressive conditions, diabetes, instru- mentation of urinary tract are some of the risk factors predisposing to UTI (Flores-Mireless et al., 2015). UTI can be classified as sympto- matic or asymptomatic, complicated or uncom- plicated and upper or lower urinary tract infec- tions (Behzadi et al., 2010). Microbial invasion of any tissue from renal cortex to urethral meatus is considered as Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (Obiogbolu et al., 2009). About 10% of population experi- ence UTI in their lifetime is one of the most common infectious disease (Farajnia et al.,2009). UTI is more common in females than males and rarely occurs in men without any functional or anatomical abnormalities along urinary tract (Stamm et al., 2001). Sex (distance between anus and urethral mea- tus,shorter in female), age (low concentration of lactobacillus in elder female), personal hy- giene, pregnancy, use of birth control pills, im- mune-suppressive conditions, diabetes, instru- mentation of urinary tract are some of the risk factors predisposing to UTI (Flores-Mireless et al., 2015). UTI can be classified as sympto- matic or asymptomatic, complicated or uncom- plicated and upper or lower urinary tract infec- tions (Behzadi et al., 2010). Therefore, treat- ment of UTI is started empirically in the majori- ty of cases using first-line antibiotics like Tri- methoprim-Sulphamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), fluoroquinolones, Third generation cephalo- sporin’s (Shrestha et al., 2007). For proper treatment, it is always mandatory to know about the prevailing pathogens and their pat- tern of sensitivity and resistant towards the empirical antibiotics used.