P. Sénac, M. Ott, and A. Seneviratne (Eds.): ICWCA 2011, LNICST 72, pp. 433–444, 2012.
© Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2012
3D-DCT Based Zero-Watermarking for Medical Volume
Data Robust to Geometrical Attacks
Jingbing Li
1
, Wencai Du
1
, Yong Bai
1
, and Yen-wei Chen
2
1
College of Information Science and Technology, Hainan University,
Haikou 570228, China
2
College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University,
Kasatsu-shi 525-8577, Japan
Jingbingli2008@hotmail.com, wencai@hainu.edu.cn,
bai@hainu.edu.cn, chen@is.ritsumei.ac.jp
Abstract. This paper presents a method for robust watermarking of medical
volume data using 3D-DCT. A feature vector of the volume data is utilized to
enhance the robustness against rotation, scaling, translation, and cropping
changes. The proposed algorithm utilizes the volume data’s feature, Hash
function, the third party authentication. We describe how to obtain the feature
vector of medical volume data and embed and extract the watermarking.
Simulation results demonstrate the proposed algorithm’s robustness against
rotation up to 30°, against scaling down to 20% of the image's original size, and
against translation transform up to 10%.
Keywords: 3D-DCT, Digital watermarking, Medical volume data, Robust,
Geometrical attacks.
1 Introduction
With the advancing of the multimedia and internet technology, telediagnosis,
telesurgery and cooperative working session have been undergoing rapid
development. However, when Electronic Patient Records(EPR) and medical images
are transmitted on the Internet, there may be the risk of disclosure of personal
privacy[1][2]. Medical image watermarking can be a effective technology to solve
this problem[3][4]. Traditionally Digital watermarking technology is used in the
copyright protection of digital media first. Using watermark's properties of invisibility
and robustness, patient information, doctor diagnosis and Electronic Patient Records
can be used as the watermarking hidden in the CT, MRI (Magnetic Resonance
Imaging) and other medical images[5].
Medical image watermarking is usually divided into three types [4].
1) RONI(Region of non-interest)-based medical image watermarking. The content
of medical images can not tolerate significant changes when watermarking is
embedded. Hence, the watermarking information is embedded in the RONI of the
medical images[6][7]. However, the capacity of hidden information is limited because
most of the RONI area of the image is the black background.