[ VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 3 I JULY– SEPT 2018] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138 120 IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews Research Paper Electric Discharge Machining of Titanium and Alloys for Biomedical Implant Applications: A Review 1 *Research Scholar, Inder Kumar Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India,Pin Code: 144601 2,3 Department of Mechanical Engg. Beant College of Engineering & Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is an advanced machining process among newly developed non-traditional machining processes for Surface Machining of rigid materials, especially super alloys and biomaterials. The diverse material electrodes have given an alternative tooling option to the researchers to increase surface quality of materials. Investigators and scientists have found numerous electrodes during electric discharge machining of various types of bio-materials. Titanium alloy remains the material of choice for the medical and dental industry for implants, pacemakers, as well as hip and knee replacements. The different techniques used for experimental design and analysis techniques have been implemented to understand the effects, contribution, significance and optimal machine settings of process parameters, namely, polarity, peak current, electrode type, pulse on time and gap voltage on material removal rate, tool wear rate, surface roughness and wear ratio. This review paper clearly exhibits the detailed study of parameters that critically influence the machinability and the optimal combination levels of machining parameters for MRR, TWR, SR and WR. It is clear that different type of electrodes gives different results like MRR, TWR, SR and WR in machinability of bio-materials. This paper also illustrates the key problems and adequate results for future investigation. Keywords: Titanium, alloy, biocompatibility, surface modification, Implant, electric discharge machining. Introduction The rigid materials and super alloys hold prominent role in world’s top engi neering fields namely Aerospace, Marine, chemical industries and Biomedical applications. Rigid materials and super alloys are basically high performance materials and alloys having excellent chemical, physical, thermal and biological properties. A vast study is required to understand and to discover most prominent materials for their respective functionality in the Engineering and biomedical field. Number of researchers and scientists from all over the globe are continuously working on material compositions and alloys to introduce best materials and alloys having suitable chemical, physical and biological properties required to execute cost efficient, quality manufacturing and Bio-compatibility techniques. After the discovery of Titanium, Aluminium, vanadium and Magnesium based rigid materials and alloys, the recent researches are fully concentrated on the machinability of these alloys to improve the quality and usage parameters. The Electro-Discharge Machining technique is most adequate Material removal technique for rigid materials and alloys. The EDM is the machining process acquired to remove the material and to produce a desired surface and shape of a particular material and alloy using electrical discharge. EDM machining techniques was firstly discovered by an English scientist Joseph Priestley in 1770s. In 1930s, Scientists machined the material by using Electrical discharges for the first time. The intermittent arc discharges caused erosion that was occurred in air between the tool electrode and work piece. Electric discharge machining was when Russian scientists later in 1943 during World War II, Lazarenko&Lazarenko, two Russian Scientists learned to control the erosive effect and to use it for machining purposes. To keep control of pulse time and to hold gap between work piece and electrode, the resistance-capacitance relaxation circuit was introduced in 1950s and then commercially developed in 1970s. In 1980s, EDM achieved its tremendous advancement after the integration with Computer numerical control (CNC) and improved the efficiency of machining operations. After then, CNC enabled EDM started to be opted for machining of geometrically complex and rigid materials. EDM is now playing its vital role in die and mold making industries, nuclear industries, aerospace, aeronautics and biomedical industries Today, Received: May 10, 2018 Accepted: June 17, 2018 ABSTRACT Vijay Kumar 1 *, Naveen Beri 2 & Anil Kumar 3