Industrial Crops and Products 84 (2016) 254–262 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Industrial Crops and Products jo u r n al homep age: www.elsevier.com/locate/indcrop Chemical and biological fingerprints of two Fabaceae species (Cytisopsis dorycniifolia and Ebenus hirsuta): Are they novel sources of natural agents for pharmaceutical and food formulations? Ramazan Ceylan a , Jelena Katani ´ c b , Gokhan Zengin a,∗ , Sanja Mati ´ c c , Abdurrahman Aktumsek a , Tatjana Boroja b , Sneˇ zana Stani ´ c c , Vladimir Mihailovi ´ c b , Gokalp Ozmen Guler d , Mehmet Boga e , Mustafa Abdullah Yılmaz f a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovi´ ca 12, Kragujevac, Serbia c Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovi´ ca 12, Kragujevac, Serbia d Department of Biological Education, Faculty of Ahmet Kelesoglu Education, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Konya, Turkey e Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey f Research and Application of Science and Technology Center (DUBTAM), University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 11 January 2016 Received in revised form 2 February 2016 Accepted 6 February 2016 Available online 16 February 2016 Keywords: Cytisopsis dorycniifolia Ebenus hirsuta Biological activities Chemical fingerprints Phenolics LC–MS/MS a b s t r a c t In the present study, the methanolic extracts of Cytisopsis dorycniifolia and Ebenus hirsuta were analyzed for antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial and antigenotoxic activities. The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in these extracts were performed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) technique, and the main components were hyperoside, rutin, hesperidin, tannic acid and p-coumaric acid. The extracts had remarkable biological effects. Gener- ally, C. dorycniifolia had higher level of bioactive components and exhibited stronger in vitro antioxidant effects than E. hirsuta. E. hirsuta was active especially against bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Agrobacterium tumefaciens and fungi Puncturella fastigiata, while C. dorycniifolia was active against bac- teria E. faecalis and had moderate activity against Trichoderma species. The extracts displayed strong antigenotoxic effects (98.6% for E. hirsuta and 76.3% for C. dorycniifolia). Our findings suggested that C. dorycniifolia and E. hirsuta could be beneficial for the preparation of high-value pharmaceuticals and functional food ingredients. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Plants or plant products are recognized as the most important source of foods and drug formulations since prehistoric age (Rates, 2001). Today, herbal applications are becoming a fast growing market and these applications are focused on preparing new phar- maceutical and nutraceutical ingredients. The main reason for this situation is the increase of lifestyle diseases such as obesity, can- cer, and diabetes mellitus (DM). For example, DM affects over 250 million people worldwide and is expected to affect approximately 380 million by 2025 (IDF, 2006). In this direction, new formula- tions or functional foods have emerged, not only as a necessity, but also as an alternative for prevention and treatment for these dis- ∗ Corresponding author. Fax: +90 332 2410106. E-mail address: biyologzengin@yahoo.com (G. Zengin). eases (Chauhan et al., 2013). Many natural-safe components have already been isolated from different plant species for incorporation in these formulations and most of them are effectively used in the food and pharmacological areas (Zengin et al., 2014; Katani ´ c et al., 2015; Seeff et al., 2015). Therefore, new studies on the characteri- zation of uninvestigated plant sources are one of the most popular subjects in scientific area. In Turkey, the Fabaceae family is the second largest one, after the Asteraceae, with 1013 species belonging to 71 genera (Erik and Tarikahya, 2004). Also, this family contains many valuable species (Colutea cilica for anti-inflammatory; Astragalus gummifer for DM; Vicia faba for kidney problems, etc.) in terms of ethnobotanical uses (Sezik et al., 2001; Mükemre et al., 2015). The genus Ebenus is rep- resented by 13 species and all of them are endemic (Güner et al., 2012). Different species of the genus Ebenus (E. haussknechtii and Ebenus hirsuta) are used in the Anatolian traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments, skin problems, hypertension, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.02.019 0926-6690/© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.