Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2020 May 15; 8(T1):45-50. 45
Scientifc Foundation SPIROSKI, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2020 May 15; 8(T1):45-50.
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4816
eISSN: 1857-9655
Category: T1 - Thematic Issue “Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)”
Section: Microbiology
One-month Progress of COVID-19 Cases in East Kalimantan,
Indonesia
Swandari Paramita, Anton Rahmadi*, Ronny Isnuwardana, Rudy Agung Nugroho
Center of Excellence for Tropical Studies, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Abstract
BACKGROUND: East Kalimantan, Indonesia, will play a signifcant geopolitical role as the province has been
selected as the location of the future capital city of Indonesia. As a buffer zone to the capital city, there is urgent
attention on the preparedness of the cities and regencies in East Kalimantan to respond to emergent infectious
disease events such as coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).
AIM: The aim of the present study was to descriptively convey information about COVID-19 cases in East Kalimantan
during the period of March 18, 2020–April 18, 2020, in terms of the isolation, testing, and tracing mechanisms used.
METHODS: The initial distribution of COVID-19 was identifed in 5 of 10 districts and is now present in almost all
districts except for one very remote regency.
RESULTS: The tracing performance of the fast response teams in East Kalimantan during this period was considered
satisfactory with a mean of 0.7% of people under observation testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2, and a mean of 14.4% patients under investigations testing positive. The use of rapid tests since March 30,
2020 has improved the detection ability, with confrmed positive cases as a percentage of confrmed negatives increasing
from 20.2% to 31.8%. The use of the COVID-19 rapid test was cross-checked with a dengue rapid test to prevent false-
positive identifcation. Confrmed clusters were announced to the public, urging people to respond and report.
CONCLUSION: The 1-month progress of COVID-19 cases in East Kalimantan showed a total case fatality rate
(CFR) of 1.85%, a closed CFR of 8.3% and a closed case recovery rate of 91.7%.
Edited by: Mirko Spiroski
Citation: Paramita S, Rahmadi A, Isnuwardana R,
Nugroho RA. One-month Progress of COVID-19 Cases in
East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med
Sci. 2020 May 15; 8(T1):45-50.
https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4816
Keywords: East Kalimantan; Coronavirus disease-19;
Tracing; Cluster identifcation; Case fatality rate
*Correspondence: Anton Rahmadi, Center of Excellence
for Tropical Studies, Mulawarman University, Samarinda,
East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
E-mail: arahmadi@unmul.ac.id
Received: 21-Apr-2020
Revised: 14-May-2020
Accepted: 21-May-2020
Copyright: © 2020 Swandari Paramita, Anton Rahmadi,
Ronny Isnuwardana, Rudy Agung Nugroho
Funding: Publication of this article was fnancially
supported by the Scientifc Foundation SPIROSKI, Skopje,
Republic of Macedonia
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no
competing interests exist
Open Access: This is an open-access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Introduction
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a
disease which causes by the severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started as
reported cases of respiratory illnesses from Wuhan,
China by the end of 2019 and eventually spread all over
the world in the following months, which forced World
Health Organization (WHO) to declare it as pandemic
by March 11, 2020 [1], [2]. To curb the spread of SARS-
CoV-2, many countries implemented several measures
such as limiting to closing border movements,
community-wide isolation, and preventing the gathering
of people [3], [4], [5].
Indonesia offcially confrmed its frst COVID-19
case on March 02, 2020. In the announcement by the
President of the Republic of Indonesia, the frst cluster
was identifed as a dance class [6]. In this cluster, 13
people were later positively identifed as COVID-
19 cases [7]. Three major activities which occurred
between February 26, 2020 and February 28, 2020
were identifed as clusters of COVID-19 transmission:
The Seminar Sinode Bogor, Seminar Anti Riba Bogor,
and Seminar Kerohanian Lembang [8]. Participants
in these events came from all regions of Indonesia,
including East Kalimantan. On March 18–20, 2020,
East Kalimantan confrmed nine COVID-19 patients,
the majority of them coming from the two main clusters:
The Seminar Sinode Bogor, Indonesia and Seminar
Anti Riba Bogor, Indonesia. There was a confrmed
positive patient from another cluster, the General
Election Commission meeting in Jakarta [9].
East Kalimantan has been selected as
the location for the new capital of the Republic of
Indonesia [10]. Consequently, the fow of people in and
out of East Kalimantan has increased rapidly. Despite
this, health-care facilities in East Kalimantan are still
limited compared to similar facilities on the island of
Java. For this reason, the spread of COVID-19 needs
special attention, given the nature of rapid transmission
and the need for signifcant intensive care unit
facilities [11]. Management of infectious diseases such
as COVID-19 requires special arrangements such as
negative pressure isolation rooms, personal protective
equipment with a level three biosafety standard, and
ventilators to help critical patients [12]. Therefore, the
provincial government set several measures in place to
fatten the curve of the COVID-19 infection rate and to
prevent health services from being overloaded.
Recording the events surrounding the
COVID-19 pandemic is needed as a future learning