sustainability
Article
Urban Public Policy and the Formation of Dilapidated
Abandoned Buildings in Historic Cities: Causes, Impacts
and Recommendations
Hamed Tavakoli
1
and Massoomeh Hedayati Marzbali
2,
*
Citation: Tavakoli, H.; Marzbali,
M.H. Urban Public Policy and the
Formation of Dilapidated Abandoned
Buildings in Historic Cities: Causes,
Impacts and Recommendations.
Sustainability 2021, 13, 6178. https://
doi.org/10.3390/su13116178
Academic Editor: Annarita Ferrante
Received: 9 April 2021
Accepted: 24 May 2021
Published: 31 May 2021
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1
Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne, Masson Rd,
Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; hamed.tavakoli@mail.com
2
School of Housing, Building and Building, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
* Correspondence: hedayati@usm.my; Tel.: +60-17-447-1295
Abstract: The contradictory and inefficient nature of urban public policy in Iranian historic cities has
been subject to long debates in recent years, and has even led to disorganisation in the formation of
dilapidated abandoned buildings (DABs). Under the current policies, three government agencies
oversee the urban management in historic cities. The projects and processes that have yet to be
implemented by these agencies are crucial for solving the problems associated with DABs. This
research aims to investigate the current public policies of the essential key players and stakeholders
in order to ameliorate the problem of DABs, which in the literature has been proven to be associated
with socio-spatial disadvantage. A qualitative semi-structured enquiry was conducted, and urban
public policies were evaluated on the basis of 19 in-depth interviews regarding the three historic
cities of Yazd, Kashan and Isfahan. The results were analysed using cutting and sorting techniques,
and thematic and critical narrative analysis. Several inadequacies in the current urban public policy
were specified. This research could help decision-makers to create efficient management plans with
respect to the reduction of DABs, an approach that can be considered efficient for the regeneration of
life in historic cities.
Keywords: urban public policy; historic Iranian cities; dilapidated abandoned buildings;
original residents
1. Introduction
After hundreds of years of morphological consistency and organic growth, present-day
Iranian cities have become subject to an unprecedented phenomenon that initially occurred
at the beginning of the 20th century. The new social and economic changes eventually
generated poverty, unemployment and inequality in the access to public services and infras-
tructure amongst the residents of historic urban areas, culminating in a swift urban sprawl
both outside and on the fringe of historic cities [1,2]. The urban transformations imposed
by modernity demolished the old city walls and dramatically changed the physical spatial
configurations of old cities [3]. According to researchers of contemporary Iranian urbanism,
the exogenous socio-spatial movements since the 1920s have reshaped the historic cities [2].
Traditional cities have been carved out and transformed under capitalism and modernity
to accommodate vehicular access and modern urban functionalities (Figure 1). Present-day
traditional commercial structures have lost their consistency and significance as a result
of the ever-rising demand for modern modalities (e.g., vehicular accessibility), whereas
contemporary city fringe developments have expanded outwards, stretching far beyond
the historic centres [3].
Sustainability 2021, 13, 6178. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116178 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability