Citation: Adam, Júlio Cézar. 2022.
Religion and Cinema as Subversive
Memories: A Possible Relationship in
the Brazilian Context. Religions 13:
1173. https://doi.org/10.3390/
rel13121173
Academic Editor: Roberto Cipriani
Received: 11 October 2022
Accepted: 28 November 2022
Published: 1 December 2022
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religions
Article
Religion and Cinema as Subversive Memories: A Possible
Relationship in the Brazilian Context
Júlio Cézar Adam
Department of Practical Theology, Faculdades EST, São Leopoldo 93030-220, Brazil; julio3@est.edu.br
Abstract: Brazil has been defined as a country without memory. On the other hand, Brazilian
cinematography is rich in dealing with the theme of memory. In this scenario, Brazilians gather
weekly in religious services to celebrate the memory of the Easter of Christ in the Eucharist, to
remember the deeds of God in time and space, and to celebrate the memory of the Gospel embodied
in the culture and memory of the Brazilian people. This article intends, therefore, to establish a
relation between the lack of critical and political memories and the memory present in the narratives
of Brazilian films as spaces of resistance, and the religious and subversive memory in the Christian
liturgy. The methodology adopted will be, firstly, descriptive and analytical, focusing on the facts
of the Brazilian reality. Secondly, memory and liturgical memory will be treated in the liturgy,
ascertaining the role of this paschal memory not only as an exercise of memory, but also as a
subverting and political memory in the past, present, and future. Here, relations between liturgy and
Brazilian cinema will be established.
Keywords: memory; religion; liturgy; cinema; Brazil
1. Introduction
This article intends to establish a relationship between religion and cinema as spaces
for the construction of social and political memory, in a context marked by an apparent
lack of memory such as Brazil. The study establishes a relation between the neglected
context of critical and political memory and forgotten and neglected memories. At the
same time, this paper reflects on the memory present in the narratives of Brazilian films, as
spaces of memory resistance. From this reality, it establishes relations with the liturgical
memory, the subversive memory of the resurrection, and the anamnesis in the regular
worship of the community as a memory loaded with political density, identity persistence,
narrative resistance.
An introductory approach to memory is presented, choosing to focus on cultural
memory (Candau; Assmann), memory as a process of social struggle (Pollack), and the
memory of suffering (Ricoeur) as specific understandings to establish a relationship with
both cinema as well as with Christian worship.
The structure will be, in the first section, descriptive and analytical, focusing on facts
of the Brazilian reality, mainly regarding the loss and lack of social, cultural, and identity
memories, taking as sources of analysis Brazilian films that deal with themes related to
memory. In a second section we will deal with the concept of memory and the liturgical
memory present in the liturgy, especially in the service of a historical protestant church, the
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brazil, ascertaining the role of this paschal memory not
only as an exercise of memory, but also as a subverting and political memory in the past,
present, and future. In the last section, a relation will be made with Brazilian films which
deal with subversive memories, reflecting on how to use this resource in the Christian
worship service.
Religions 2022, 13, 1173. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13121173 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions