SKIT Research Journal Vol 11 Issue 2 (2021) ISSN 2278-2508 (P) 2454-9673(O) 11 Introduction to Traffic Calming Measures & Analysing the Level of Service of an Urban Street: A Stakeholder Survey Sanchi Rewar, Anirudh Mathur, Prachi Kushwaha Department of Civil Engineering, Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology, Management & Gramothan, Jaipur- 302017 (INDIA) Email: sanchichoudhary9@gmail.com, anirudh.mathur@skit.ac.in, Prachi.kushwaha@skit.ac.in Received 30.06.2021, received in revised form 2.08.2021, accepted 2.08.2021 doi: 10.47904/IJSKIT.11.2.2021.11-15 Abstract- With increasing number of road accidents, there arises a demand for the measures and techniques that would help in reducing the occurrence and fatalities of such accidents. The term Traffic Calming is relatively new to India and presents itself as a promising strategy to curb the increasing number of road accidents. The present study is about the various measures that can be adopted to attain the objective of fewer road mishaps. For this, a Stakeholder Survey was conducted on Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur to understand the issues related to the increase in traffic volume over the past few years. Results show that the increase in traffic volume on Mahal Road is attributed to the infrastructural development in the region owing to commercialization of the area in the recent years. Moreover, Mahal Road lacks the availability of public transport and utilities like pedestrian facilities and cycle tracks. Finally, some conclusions are drawn from the survey results and recommendations made for improving the road users experience. Keywords- Traffic Calming Measures, Pedestrians, Non- Motorised Vehicles 1. INTRODUCTION India is an augmenting country, currently with a population of 1.32 billion and is expected to witness an increase in its population by 25% with reference to 2011 and will reach a figure of 1.52 billion by 2036 [1]; this population boom undoubtedly led to an increase in the use of vehicles. Without proper transportation facilities it becomes cumbersome to fulfil our daily needs. With use of a greater number of vehicles, it also becomes imperative to consider the safety of people travelling through roads. Today, one of the major concerns all over the world is road safety. According to the Hindustan Times report [2] “in 2019 more than 1 lakh 51 thousand people were killed in 4 lakh 80 thousand road accidents, wherein Delhi grabbed the first position with 1,463 deaths followed by Jaipur (1,283)”. To reduce the number of road accidents, road-based ‘Traffic Calming Measures’ have been adopted and are proven to be successful in various parts of the World. The concept of Traffic Calming came into existence back in 1960 when a significant increase in car use and car ownership emerged majorly in the western part of the World. The two main problems which became evident were ‘Congestion’ and ‘Queuing’ and in order to avoid long queues drivers preferred taking shortcuts in between from local streets disturbing the residents with higher volume of road traffic. In 1968 a replacement approach appeared within the Netherlands. An urban planner with the help of some local residents reconstructed a street in the city of Delft to calm the traffic. The basic principle was to merge road users, so that private cars will have to reduce their speed [3]. The basic principle of Traffic Calming is to reduce the vehicle speeds so that there is a reduction in rate of accidents, pollution etc., and vehicles travelling at speeds below 30 kmph can move on road along with pedestrians with relative safety [9]. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW In recent years the number of deaths and serious injuries has increased in India. According to the report submitted by the World Bank (2021), nearly “1.5 lakh lives gets lost in about 4.5 lakh road accidents per annum which bring India to hold nearly 11 percent of total death rates all around the World. In the year 2019 World Bank reported, the cost involved in such injuries estimates about 7.5 percent of GDP” [4]. Traffic Calming Measures are typically designed to keep the traffic moving, albeit at a slower speed, which mitigates most of the “negatives of traffic control” as described in Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices [5]. Holler [6] further classified these into two groups- to control the speed of traffic or to control the volume. Classification of ‘Traffic Calming Measures’ is illustrated in Table 1. To resolve mis-happenings due to road accidents, one of the measures such as ‘Area Widening’ can be implemented to reduce road traffic injuries. Specific changes in the road layout can be done by road widening, implementation of one-way streets, creation of road junctions etc. But more evaluations are required along with road widening to get the desired results [7]. According to A. Vaitkus et al. [8] high speed is amongst the other factors that are responsible for road accidents. If somehow a reduction in the speed of the vehicle could be accomplished, the ratio of accidents would also decrease. Gateways should be used as self-explaining road concept elements at the entrance