Journal of Medical Laboratory Science, 2019; 29 (1): 61-72 Adeleke and Emokpae Assessment of Some Biomarkers of Renal Function and Myoglobin Level in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infected Subjects. Temitope Daniel Adeleke and Mathias Abiodun Emokpae* Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. ABSTRACT Background: The emergence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to dramatic improvements in prolonging the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients. However, long-term use may cause kidney derangements that may be life-threatening. Objective: This present study seeks to assess the levels of microalbuminuria and myoglobin in HIV positive subjects. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty subjects [50 HIV negative, 50 positive HAART naïve and 50 HAART treated subjects] were enrolled in the study. Plasma creatinine, urea, uric acid, myoglobin and urine microalbumin were assayed using standard methods. Results: Microalbuminuria was significantly higher (p<0.001) in HIV positive than HIV negative subjects, while the differences in the levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid and myoglobin were insignificant. The levels of urea (p<0.001), creatinine (p<0.018) and uric acid (p<0.001) were significantly higher in HIV positive HAART naïve than HIV positive on HAART. Even though the levels of microalbuminuria were higher while myoglobin was lower in HIV positive HAART naïve than HIV positive on HAART, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The levels of measured markers of renal function were higher in HIV positive subjects whether or not on HAART treatment. However, HAART treatment did not adversely affect renal function in this study. Keywords: HIV, HAART, Microalbuminuria, myoglobin. *Corresponding author: Email: mathias.emokpae@uniben.edu , Cell: +234-803-451-1182. ORCID iD:0000-0002-6266-1774 Author’s contributions: This work was carried out and approved in collaboration between all the authors. MA designed the study; TD sourced for funding; MA, TD wrote the protocol; TD contributed in literature search; TD did the experiments; TD, MA did statistical analysis; TD drafted the manuscript; MA supervised the study; MA Wrote the final manuscript; MA proofread the manuscript . Received: March 19, 2019; Accepted: April 07, 2019; Published: April 25, 2019. Citation: Adeleke TD, Emokpae MA. Assessment of Some Biomarkers of Renal Function and Myoglobin Level in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infected Subjects. J Med Lab Sci, 2019; 29: 61-72. 61 htp://jomls.orp ; info@jomls.orp