American Journal of Environmental Sciences 5 (6): 714-721, 2009
ISSN 1553-345X
© 2009 Science Publications
Corresponding Author: Naser Ahmadi Sani, Department of Forestry, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch,
Tehran, Iran.
714
Ecological Capability Assessment for Multiple-Use in Forest Areas
Using GIS- Based Multiple Criteria Decision Making Approach
Sasan Babaie-Kafaky, Asadollah Mataji and Naser Ahmadi Sani
Department of Forestry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: Problem statement: A valuable Source of plant and animal various species in the west of
Iran is Zagros forests that, misuses by foresters and local societies has caused severe degradation. In
this study, forest areas ecological assessment was carried out with a (GIS)-based MCDM approach for
multiple-use planning in order to reduce degradation and improving sustainability. Approach: All of
possible land uses were evaluated separately. The AHP was used to defining weight of criteria and
sub-criteria. Sub-criteria were mapped at GIS environment using available data, fieldwork and IRSp6
data. A priority map for each land use was created using GIS-based WLC model. The final priority
map was produced of overlying all priority maps. Ecological capability map were generated with
editing priority map using present land use map, IRSp6 data, forest laws and fieldwork. Results: The
Weights of criteria and sub- criteria was defined for all land uses with CR<0.10. The most important
criteria and sub-criteria for each land use were resulted, too. The final priority map was indicated
preference of suitable land uses for each area, ecologically. The suitability map was showed areas that
are enforceable land use together. Also, the area of each suitable land use was distinct. In more than of
70% study area, current use is not based on ecological criteria, which were caused severe degradation.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that various land uses meaning multiple-use can be exist
in area study that executing of those will be cause decreasing of foresters dependence to forest trees,
decreasing of degradation and forest sustainability. Thus, this integrated approach could be benefit
forest planners and decision makers. Recommendation: Through this study, we aimed at suggesting to
forest management and other stakeholders an approach that is scientifically sound and practical.
Key words: Zagros forests, multiple-use, MCDM, GIS, ecological capability
INTRODUCTION
An area about of 5-milion hectares, from
northwest to southwest, has covered by Zagros forests
that are one of the most important floristic zones in
Iran. The main and dominant tree and shrub species are
Persian oak (Qeurcus brantti), Qeurcus infectoria and
Qeurcus libani. In this forests, so far away from the
past, many of the incorrect use has caused severe
degradation
[20]
currently considered as degraded forests
with firewood production and livestock feeding
recognized as the main causes
[47]
. Although, this forests
are national but foresters use incorrectly because, they
are unemployment and very poor. Current uses of this
forests area are firewood production, livestock feeding
and agriculture. It is explicit that continuation of
degradations and regardless to land suitability cause
plenty multilateral damage for all beings. The
traditional use of forests is multi-objective so that
forests have been used for hunting, as a source of
firewood and construction materials, for collection
various non-wood products, protecting soil from
erosion and regulate water resources. Some forests also
have cultural and religious significance
[41]
. All of this
uses there are in Zagros forests but regardless land
capability. Recently, ecologically sustainable forestry
has gained acceptance
[42]
. If the importance of the
multiple-use of forests is not continuously recognized
in forest management, there is a risk that the forests will
lose many of the recreational and near-natural
ecosystem characteristics
[19]
. Nowadays, forests are
often managed for multiple uses. Forest planning is a
very complex activity because there are many goals,
which should be achieved simultaneously, and a lot of
components and elements, which must be considered
[4]
.
In planning forest ecosystem management, evaluations