The Interaction of Homozygote 192-bp Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) 1 Polymorphisms and Cigarette Smoking to End-stage renal disease (ESRD) 2 3 Titiek Hidayati 1 ; Akrom Akrom 2 ;; Chih-Ching Chang 3 , 4 1.Epidemiology, Public Health, and Family medicine Department, Medicine and Health science faculty, 5 Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Indonesia 6 2 Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Ahmad Dahlan University, 7 Indonesia 8 3. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung 9 University, Tainan, Taiwan 10 11 Running title: Cigarette smoking, IGF-1 gene polymorphism, and End-stage renal disease 12 13 *Correspondence author: Akrom, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy Faculty, 14 Ahmad Dahlan University, Indonesia; Email:akrom@pharm.uad.ac.id 15 16 17 18 19 20