Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol. 29, No. 1, January 2023, pp. 181~189 ISSN: 2502-4752, DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i1.pp181-189  181 Journal homepage: http://ijeecs.iaescore.com Dipole antenna with biconical and pyramidal horn design in radio frequency identification simulations Aaron Don M. Africa, Rica Rizabel M. Tagabuhin, Jan Jayson S. D. Tirados Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Jul 1, 2022 Revised Sep 10, 2022 Accepted Sep 28, 2022 Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems are used in several applications. It is widely used in retail, corporations, and schools for several purposes such as inventory, identification, and cashless payments. The components of an RFID system include a tag and a reader. The RFID reader includes an RF module that transmits and receives signals. While the RFID tag transmits embedded signals, which is typically some form of identification. The tag is a passive component powered by the reader. The two components make use of antennas to communicate the signals with each other. The design of the antenna is an important factor to consider in the production of the RFID. The size of the antenna must be small enough to provide convenience and the gain must be strong enough to effectively transmit and receive signals between the two components. In this paper, an antenna for an RFID tag is designed using MATLAB software. The antenna to be designed must be cost- efficient and be able to radiate an acceptable gain. This research creates a dipole antenna with biconical and pyramidal horn design in RFID simulations. Keywords: Dipole antenna MATLAB Meander line antenna partial differential equation toolbox UHF RFID tag This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Aaron Don M. Africa Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, De La Salle University 2401 Taft Ave., Malate, Manila 1004, Philippines Email: aaron.africa@dlsu.edu.ph 1. INTRODUCTION The radio frequency identification (RFID) system is prominently used in various applications in the modern world. RFID stands for radio frequency (RF) identification and this technology works in a way where a reader captures digital data that has been encoded in RFID tags using radio waves. An RFID system usually includes three things which are the RFID tag, the RFID reader, and the antenna. The tag consists of an integrated circuit and an antenna and the tag's function is to be able to send information to the reader. Subsequently, the reader is used to receive radio waves and convert them into a data form that is more usable [1]. The RFID system has many applications and is widely used in various industries such as inventory management, personal identification, and cashless payments. The use of the RFID system as an alternative to barcodes has increased with time. The advantage of using the RFID system rather than the barcode system stems from an RFID not needing a line of sight to identify items and can simultaneously scan multiple items. There is also the added advantage that the read time significantly improves. The RFID system still has its drawbacks of the reader and tag collision where reader collision is when a reader can experience interference from a second reader and tag collision is when there are too many tags present which causes the reader to be confused when data is being transmitted at the same time [2]. RFID tags can be classified as either passive or active whereas the passive one does not have its power source, where its power usually comes from the reading antenna. While the other has its power source, where batteries are usually used. RFID systems have three main types which are high frequency, low frequency, and ultra-high frequency. The frequency of an RFID system will depend on the application of the said system [3].