Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2022 Nov, Vol-16(11): ZF01-ZF05 1 1 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2022/57337.17059 Dentistry Section Effect of 30% Grape Seed Extract on the Shearbond Strength of Orthodontic Adhesive Resin: An In-vitro Study Original Article INTRODUCTION Orthodontic mechanotherapy involves application of optimum force to achieve movement of teeth. Traditionally, this force is transmitted to the teeth by brackets bonded to them. This attachment necessitates a dimensionally stable bonding medium that can achieve adequate flow to penetrate the conditioned enamel surface and has exceptional bond strength. It is vital to carefully prepare the enamel surface in order to get a good and stable bond [1]. To improve the dentin/resin interface properties, two key techniques were considered: the first was to improve and develop novel adhesive systems and the other method was to establish tissue engineering approach to improve the substrate's intrinsic properties. [2]. Srinivasulu S et al., concluded that proanthocyanidin, have been shown to crosslink collagen agent and increase the mechanical characteristics of collagen and its resistance to enzymatic degradation [3]. Phenol is abundant in grapes, particularly in the skin and seeds. Grape seed extract contains a number of bioactive properties, but it is hypothesised that its high concentration of proanthocyanidins (PACs) contributes to its caries-prevention ability. Grape seed extracts capacity to bind to proteins may also help with dental remineralization [4]. In restorative dentistry, grape seed extract has been shown to improve the bonding of composite to dentin [5]. Several factors influence shear bond strength of resin used for bonding brackets to enamel during orthodontic treatment, which can be divided into enamel factors (fillings, hyperplastic or hypoplastic enamel), patient factors (biting on hard surfaces, unpleasant oral habits, poor oral cleanliness) and placement procedures used [2]. There is a paucity of research on the effect of preconditioning agents like Grape Seed Extract (GSE) on shear bond strength of orthodontic resins when bonding brackets to enamel. Therefore the goal of this research was to explore if conditioning enamel using GSE before bonding improves the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic resin at bracket to enamel interface. Study objectives: To evaluate shear bond strength of orthodontic resin bonded to •฀ enamel preconditioned with immersion in 30% and to compare the same with control. To evaluate of Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) score on enamel •฀ surface after debonding of brackets from specimens subjected to enamel preconditioning and compare with control. To assess the enamel and dentinal surface on teeth subjected •฀ to preconditioning with GSE and compare that with the control. The study considered null hypothesis as there is no difference •฀ in the shearbond strength and ARI score between the GSE treated group and control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS This in-vitro study was conducted in SRM Dental college, Ramapuram, Chennai, India, from January 2021 to August 2021. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of SRM Dental college, Ramapuram, Chennai (SRMDC/IRB/2019/ MDS/105). Sample size determination was done using G power software version 3.1.9.7 and for a power of 80 and alpha error of 0.05, total sample size arrived at was 72 [6]. ARPITHA ESHWAR 1 , POORNIMA R JNANESHWAR 2 , KRISHNARAJ RAJARAM 3 , RAVI KANNAN 4 Keywords: Adhesive remnant index, Antioxidants, Enamel conditioning, Proanthocyanidin ABSTRACT Introduction: Grape Seed Extract (GSE) contains Proanthocyanidins (PA) which have been shown to cross-link and strengthen demineralised dentin collagen. There is paucity of research to evaluate if grape seed extract increases the shear bond strength of orthodontic resin when bonding to enamel. Aim: To evaluate the shearbond strength and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores of enamel surface bonded with orthodontic resin after immersing in 30% of grape seed extract and compare the same with that of control group. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 72 extracted teeth samples were divided into two groups. The two groups, each with 36 specimens, included Group I (Control), Group II (Test). Teeth in the test group were soaked in 30% grape seed extract for 10 minutes before bonding and teeth in the control group were bonded directly without soaking in grape seed extract. Shearbond strength were measured using a Universal testing machine. To evaluate the amount of resin left on the enamel surfaces after debonding, ARI scores were used. The samples were subsequently evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to study the surface characteristics of enamel after immersion in grape seed extract. Student t test was used to assess the difference between two groups in shear bond strength and Chi-square test was used for ARI scores. Results: Total of 72 teeth were analysed, 36 extracted teeth in each group. The mean shearbond strength in Group I was 78.9 Newton (N), 59.03 N in Group II. There was a stastistically significant differences in the mean scores of shearbond strength between the groups (p-value=0.0024). The shearbond strength of control group was significantly higher than the Test group. Significant difference(p-value=0.016) found in ARI scores between the two groups. In SEM analysis after grape seed extract conditioning followed by acid etching, pronounced cobble stone appearance was noticed indicating a type II etching pattern. Conclusion: Adhesive failure occurred at the resin and bracket interface indicating that shear bond strength reduces when teeth were immersed in Grape Seed Extract.