Sudhakar Srivastava, Rajesh Nema, Pankaj kumar Goswami / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1999-2002 1999 | P a g e Low Profile E-Shape Microstrip Antenna With Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure For Bandwidth Enhancement Sudhakar Srivastava*, Rajesh Nema**, Pankaj kumar Goswami*** *(M.Tech, Student, NIIST, Bhopal M.P, India ** (Professor, Deptt. Of Electronics & Communication Engg., NIIST, Bhopal India, *** (Asst. Professor, Deptt. Of Electronics & Communication Engg., HCST, Farah, U.P, India, ABSTRACT Microstrip antenna has become more populer in the field of communication due to its verstality & uniqueness.The purpose of this paper is to design a low profile, conformal, small size antenna with high bandwidth along with good compromise in other factors like gain, directivity, efficiency etc. A E-shape patch antenna with suitable geometry is taken to provide good response of bandwidth about 59.09 % at centre frequency 2.28 GHz. Using FR-4 glass epoxy material, on insertion of EBG structure, creating deformities at ground plane side, the band width of the antenna is improved tremendously. The new design of antenna is found suitable for various wireless communications for 1.55-2.85 GHz band. The design approach & Simulation results are shown with the help of MOM based full wave simulator IE3D. Keywords - microstrip antenna; photonic bandgap structure; bandwidth; probe feed antenna; I. INTRODUCTION A tremendous growth in wireless technology, these technologies is highly implemented in the field of aircraft, satellite, or missiles application. Because of their size, weight, cost, performance, ease of installation and maintenance and aerodynamic profile are constraints, low profile antennas are required. The microwave frequency range is also considered for electronic toll collection and wireless vehicle communication system. Microstrip antennas are one of the most innovative components which fulfill the requirement of all communication systems. The micro strip antenna has a very low profile, and can be fabricated using printed circuit (photolithographic) techniques [6].In this high-tech environment of 3G & 4G. This technology are highly used in all sectors of wireless applications (government & commercial), such as Mobile satellite telephone, mobile radio, Radar, navigation, direct broadcast TV, GPS and biomedical systems. [3] that have similar specifications micro strip or patch antenna are used. Microstrip antenna has low profile, Conformable to liner or planar array, and easy integration with microwave integrated circuits. Another interesting feature is that microstrip antennas can be fabricated rather easily in university or their research laboratories, which have often been a source of novel design. Good reviews of much of this work, including the basic properties, analytical models, and design techniques for microstrip antenna.They are very versatile in terms of resonant frequency, polarization, impedance, and pattern. In addition, by adding loads between the ground plane patch and patch such as short post or short pin. The major disadvantages of patch or micro strip antennas are their low efficiency and very narrow frequency bandwidth, poor polarization purity, limited power capacity, low gain and spurious feed radiation, [6].The development of accurate and versatile analytical model for the understanding of the inherent limitations of micro strip antennas, as well as for their design and optimization. The application of Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure is becoming attractive for many researchers in electromagnetic and antenna field. EBG structure had been used to improve the performance of various antennas such as resonant antenna and patch antenna. Microstrip patch antenna is promising to be a good candidate for wireless technologies. Microstrip patch antenna consists of a dielectric substrate, with a ground plane on the other side. Due to its advantages such as low weight , low profile planar configuration, low fabrication costs and capability to integrate with microwave integrated circuits technology, the microstrip patch antenna is very well suited for applications such as Mobile satellite telephone, mobile radio, Radar, navigation, direct broadcast TV, global positioning system (GPS) and biomedical systems.[3,4,6]. Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) or Photonic Band Gap (PBG) materials are periodic dielectrics, which can stop the propagation of electromagnetic waves in certain frequency bands, within certain directions [7]. Several types of EBG or PBG substrates have been investigated [2]. It has been reported that EBG or PBG materials used with micro strip patch antennas can improve their radiation patterns and increase their gain, and reduce the side lobe and back lobe levels. Also, some research has been reported on improving the antenna bandwidth by using EBG [1]. PBG has been used in the ground plane to improve the bandwidth. EBG configurations in the