Vol 11, Special issue 3, 2018 Online - 2455-3891 Print - 0974-2441 ANTI-METALOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF KELAKAI (STENOCHLAENA PALUSTRIS) LEAVES EXTRACT AGAINST CADMIUM-INDUCED LIVER TISSUE DAMAGE AGUNG BIWORO 1 *, NURUL AINUN AZIZI 2 , RIZKI PADELIA 2 , MUHAMMAD ANDINO RAHARJA 2 , OZANATA AZIMA 2 , EKO SUHARTONO 3 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. 2 Faculty of Medicine, University of Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. 3 Department of Medical Chemistry/ Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Email: ekoantioxidant@gmail.com Received: 28 August 2018, Revised and Accepted: 29 August 2018 ABSTRACT Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-metalotoxic activity of the leaves extract of Stenochlaena palustris (kelakai; S. palsutris) on cadmium (Cd)-induced liver tissue damage. Methods: Liver tissue damage was induced by the administration of cadmium sulfate (CdSO 4 ) at a dose 3 mg/l. Anti-metalotoxic effect of the extracts was determined by assessing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl compound (CC), conjugated dienes (CD), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) induced by Cd with and without the presence of the extract. Results: The results of this present studies showed that treatment with CdSO 4 significantly increase the levels of MDA, CC, CD, and AOPPs. The leaves extract of S. palustris significantly decrease the levels of all measured parameter in liver tissue. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that Cd could induced the liver tissue damage, and the extract of S. palsutris showed the anti-metalotoxic activity to reduce the damage. Keywords: Cadmium, Liver, Oxidative Stress, Stenochlaena palustris. INTRODUCTION In South Kalimantan, river is an integral part of human life. Every people in South Kalimantan uses river for various functions of life such as transportation, fishing, and bathing [1]. This causes the people have a great risk to be exposed to various types of pollutants present in river water, such as Cadmium (Cd). Sofarini et al. [2] result study indicated that one of the heavy metals that exceed the maximum threshold in the waters of the Barito River is Cd. The previous study by Rahman [3] showed that the average of Cd level in the waters of Takisung and Batakan beach was about 0.06 ppm and 0.074 ppm, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, Cd levels that are still allowed into the water environment are about 0.00011 ppm and the maximum allowable level is 0.01 ppm [4]. After Cd enters the body, it could be irreversibly accumulates in the human body, in particularly, in kidneys and other vital organs such the lungs or the liver [5,6]. These accumulation then might result in some several adverse effects like oxidative stress. Suhartono et al. [7] result study showed that subacute and subchronic Cd exposure could increase the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) in kidney homogenates. Furthermore, our several results study showed that Cd exposure could induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and depletes the enzymatic antioxidant activity in brain, liver, and kidney of rats [8-11]. Recently, the study of medicinal plants to prevent and inhibit the oxidative stress-related disease is increasing. Many plants have been known to have such effects, and one of them is Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris: S. palustris). S. palustris is one of the plants that often grow on wetlands in South Kalimantan. Based on empirical studies, S. palustris has been used daily to treat several medical conditions such as anemia, fever, and skin diseases by the local people of South Kalimantan [12]. Our previous study indicated that S. palustris leaves extract could inhibit the formation of methylglyoxal (MG), AOPPs, and carbonyl compound (CC) induced by Cd in vitro. Our another previous study also indicated that S. palustris leaves extract contained flavonoid and has antioxidant activity which is might be useful to inhibit the oxidative stress [13]. However, no data are available in the literature of S. palustris extract on the inhibition of oxidative stress in liver homogenate induced by Cd. Therefore, we undertook the present investigation to examine the anti-metalotoxic effects of S. palustris leaves extract on the Cd-induced liver tissue damage. METHODS Collection and identification of plant materials The fresh leaves of S. palustris were collected from Gambut subdistrict, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, in April 2017. The plant was authenticated by the Department of Biology of the Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Before use, it was ensured that the leaves and bark were free from contamination, sand, and no microbial growth. The bark and leaves were shade dried and were made into coarse powder using a commercial blender. Preparation of extracts Extraction was done by maceration methods. 50 g of shade-dried leaves of S. plaustris was weighed, and 250 ml of 70% ethanol-water was added to it, respectively. Then, the mixture was allowed to concentrated in 3 days. The mixture was then filtered 3 times until the filtrate is clear colored. All the filtrate is made into one and then evaporated until thick. Furthermore, the filtrate re-macerated for 24 h and placed in a test tube in the fridge until it uses for further examination. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4. 0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11s3.30028. Research Article 3 rd International Conference on Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science 2018