On V–V/V–I type double balanced CMOS multiplier utilizing triode- region translinear principle Pushkar Srivastava 1 • Ravindra Kumar Sharma 2 Received: 1 May 2019 / Revised: 1 May 2019 / Accepted: 27 July 2019 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract For the first time, the triode-region of MOSFET has been exploited to evolve a novel technique in which voltage-translinear loop expression has been converted into voltage multiplication expression. This expression is thus utilized in realizing a triode-region translinear principle-based fully differential, four-quadrant CMOS voltage-to-voltage and voltage-to-current type multipliers. The elaborate CMOS design approach has been given and the second-order effects have been considered on its performance. The workability of the proposition has been verified by Spectre tool of Virtuoso from Cadence using 180 nM GPDK parameters by performing post layout simulation. Keywords CCII  CMOS  Four-quadrant  Multiplier  Translinear  Triode region  Voltage-mode 1 Introduction Some of the electronic sub-systems well known for uti- lizing analog multiplier are; adaptive filters [1], frequency doublers [1, 2], modulators [1, 3–5], phase comparators [1, 3], automatic gain control circuits [1, 2], artificial neural networks [1, 2, 5], image processing circuits [1], fuzzy logic controllers [1, 2, 5], sine/cosine synthesizers [1, 3, 4], rms-dc conversion circuits [1, 3, 4] and frequency con- version mixers [3–5] used in RF front-ends etc. Hence, development and reporting of any new type of analog multiplier circuit with different features is always an event of curiosity among the circuit designers and researchers. Prominent milestones, thus, in developmental history of analog multipliers have been the following. As early as 1968, Gilbert [6] first elaborated the BJT-based four- quadrant current-mode multiplier with sub-nanosecond response and showed its application in non-linear circuits like squarer, square-rooter etc. While in 1975, Gilbert [7] for the first time introduced an altogether new stream of analogue circuit design namely; ‘Translinear’ principle, in the same he also cited a first patented work (June 1969) on multiplier by J. L. Crosthwait. Gilbert demonstrated that using his translinear (TL) principle more efficient non- linear circuits could be developed with less number of transistors [7]. Two decades later, in 1991, Seevinck and Wiegerink [8] generalized this TL principle of BJT for MOS transistor-loops and enumerated some more TL loop configurations that were capable of uncovering variety of non-linear circuits. Thus, these researches paved the way for evolving many different multiplier circuits that later appeared in open literature. Some of these interesting and selected multipliers are briefly outlined current-mode, voltage-mode and mixed-mode. In [3] the voltage-mode CMOS analog multiplier which utilized folded Gilbert-cell at its core is presented that provides wide voltage range somewhat similar to now commercially available bipolar multipliers. Multiplier in [4] is a mixed-mode multiplier, with voltage as input and current as output. It is designed for micro power consumption applications and consists of transducers that convert voltage to current and utilize cascode current mirrors for better matching of the output results. A novel current-mode analogue multiplier-divider based on the quadratic TL principle has been presented in [1]. A voltage-TL implementation [9] of a geometric mean & Ravindra Kumar Sharma 21.ravindra@gmail.com 1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, IIT (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, India 2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Ambedkar Institute of Advanced Communication Technologies and Research, Geeta Colony, Delhi 110031, India 123 Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-019-01516-9