Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 11(3), pp. 42- 45 October, 2021
Available online at http:// www.scholarly-journals.com/SJAS
ISSN 2276-7118 © 2021 Scholarly-Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The Influence of Interactions among Different Weed
species in Sokoto, Sudan Savanna Ecological zone,
Nigeria
Waziri, A.F.*
1
and Usman, M. A.
2
1,2
Department of Biological Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Received: 6 October, 2021, Accepted: 21 October, 2021, Published: 28 October, 2021
The study was conducted at the Biological Sciences Garden of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto,
Sokoto State. Sokoto State is located to the extreme northwest of Nigeria, between latitudes 11°30' N
and 13°58' N and longitudes 4°8' E and 6°54' E. It was carried out to assess the competitive ability
among four different weed species; Boerhavia diffusa, Cassia tora, Gynandropsis pentaphylla and
Tribulus terrestris in various combinations. A total of thirty (30) seeds each of the weed species were
planted in the germination containers for the study. B. diffusa was planted in combination with C. tora,
G. pentaphylla and T. terrestris. C. tora was planted in combination with T. terrestris and G. pentaphylla;
G. pentaphylla was planted in combination with T. terrestris all in three replicates each. The results
indicated that B. diffusa had better vegetative growth in all the six combinations. It was able to suppress
the growth of the other competitors ( C. tora, G. pentaphylla and T. terrestris). G. pentaphyllahad better
growth than C. tora and T. terrestris while C. tora was more competitive than T. terrestris. T. terrestris
dried up completely in all the combinations indicating that it has the lowest competitive ability.
Therefore, B. diffusa competed better than all the other weed species.
Key words: Sudan Savanna; Boerhavia diffusa; Cassia tora; Gynandropsis pentaphylla; Tribulus terrestris;
Nigeria.
INTRODUCTION
Weeds have been defined as plants growing where they
are not wanted or as undesirables. In most instances,
weeds are plants that take advantage of disturbed sites,
having characteristics that allow them to efficiently
capture available resources and grow prolifically. Weeds
have been described by different authors as colonizers or
pioneer species in a disturbed field (Bridges, 1995), as
ruderals, which are plants growing in waste places, along
roadsides, or in rubbish, or as plants found in highly
disturbed but potentially productive environments. Weeds
are usually herbs with a characteristic short life span and
high seed production. Such plants occupy the earliest
stages of succession. Navas (1991) defined a weed as “a
plant that forms populations that are able to enter
habitats cultivated, markedly disturbed or occupied by
*Corresponding author’s e-mail: altine.waziri@gmail.com.
man, and potentially depress or displace the resident
plant populations which are deliberately cultivated or are
of ecological and/or aesthetic interest”. Bridges (1995)
suggests that Navas’s definition provides a useful
description of a weed that recognizes the ecology and
biology of the plant as well as the impact on humans.
Therefore, weeds are plants that are equally well adapted
to environmental disturbances as our crops. Weeds can
thrive under the conditions generated by the agriculture
field practices of tillage, irrigation, fertilization, and row
spacing that minimize normal growth-limiting stresses of
drought, low fertility, limited light, and high pest levels.
Competition between weeds and crops generally
implies an inhibition of crop growth by weeds. However,
more technically, competition is one of several types of
interference among species or populations. Interference
refers to all types of positive and negative interaction
between species. Such interference can involve physical
factors such as space, light, moisture, nutrients, and