INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 6: 1165-1172, 1995 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJ New pseudononapeptide bombesin antagonists with C-terminal LeuW(CH 2 N)Tac-NH 2 show high binding affinity to bombesin/GRP receptors on CFPAC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells REN-ZHI CAI, YUNFENG QIN, TIBOR ERTL and ANDREW V. SCHALLY Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans and Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA Contributed by A.V. Schally, February 28, 1995 Abstract. It has been demonstrated that bombesin/GRP antagonist D-Tpi 6 ,Leu 13 w(CH 2 NH) Leu 14 -BN(6-14) (RC- 3095) inhibits effectively the growth of pancreatic cancer and other tumors in experimental animals and in cell cultures. In an attempt to develop antagonists with still greater antitumor activity, several new pseudononapeptide bombesin/GRP antagonists containing C-terminal LeuW(CH 2 N)Tac-NH 2 have been synthesized in our laboratory. In this study, we investigated the ability of four Leu'MCH 2 N)Tac 14 -BN(6-14) antagonists to inhibit the binding of bombesin to specific receptors for bombesin/GRP on CFPAC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells. Receptor binding assays were performed by incubating CFPAC-1 cells (5xl0 4 cells/well) with 0.5 nM ['^IJ-Ty^-bombesin in the absence or presence of (1 pM to 10 (4.M) unlabeled bombesin, GRP(14-27) and various antagonists for 2 h at 22°C. Displacement assays showed that antagonist D-Tpi 6 ,Leu 13 w(CH 2 N)Tac 14 -BN(6-14) (RC-3910-II) with a similar structure to RC-3095, but a different C- terminal, had a binding affinity to CFPAC-1 cells 15 times higher than RC-3095. Three other antagonists, RC-3925-II, RC-3940-II and RC-3950-II contained the same C-terminal zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Correspondence to: Dr Andrew V. Schally, Veterans Affairs Medical Center (151), 1601 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70146, USA Abbreviations:BN, bombesin; CCK, cholecystokinin; Cpa, 4- chlorophenylalanine; DMTac, 5,5-dimethyl-thiazolidine-4- carboxylic acid; [D-Trp 6 ]LH-RH, D-Trp 6 luteinizing hormone- releasing hormone; EGF, epidermal growth factor; GRP, gastrin- releasing peptide; GHRH, growth hormone-releasing hormone; Hca, desaminophenylalanine; IMDM, Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium; MTac, 2-methyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid; Pen, penicillamine; SS-14, somatostatin-14; Tac, thiazolidine-4- carboxylic acid; Tpi, 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-3- carboxylic acid; SCLC, small cell lung carcinoma Key words: bombesin, gastrin-releasing peptide, receptors, pancreatic cancer, bombesin antagonist Leu^(CH 2 N)Tac-NH 2 as RC-3910-II, but had different N- terminal residues: D-Cpa, Hca and D-Phe, respectively. Among them, Hca 6 ,Leu'MCH 2 N)Tac 14 -BN(6-14) (RC-3940-H) showed the highest binding affinity to the receptors on CFPAC-1 cells, which was 50 times higher than that of RC- 3095 or 3 times greater than RC-3910-11. Our findings suggest the merit of further investigation of pseudonona- peptide bombesin/GRP antagonist RC-3940-II and related analogs for a possible development of a new hormonal therapy for pancreatic cancer. Introduction Bombesin and its mammalian counterpart, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), are known as gastrointestinal hormones and neurotransmitters and have diverse physiological and pharmacological effects in various systems (1-5). In digestive tract, bombesin and GRP stimulate the contraction of smooth muscles, the growth of intestine and pancreas, the exocrine secretion of the stomach and pancreas and the release of gastrointestinal hormones (1-4). Numerous studies have demonstrated that bombesin and GRP may function as autocrine or paracrine growth factors in stimulating growth of various tumors, including small cell lung cancers (SCLC) (6,7), breast cancers (8), gastric cancers (9), colon cancers (10,11) and pancreatic cancers (12-16). The actions of bombesin and GRP are most likely mediated through specific receptors on the cell membranes (9,14-16). In view of these findings, the possibility of developing bombesin/GRP antagonists to inhibit the growth of SCLC and other tumors has aroused major interest and a large number of various antagonists was synthesized (17-24). During the past few years, numerous bombesin/GRP antagonists have been synthesized in our laboratory and evaluated for their antitumor activity (23,24). It has been shown that these synthetic peptides can block the binding of bombesin to the receptors on Swiss 3T3 cells (24) and on human tumor cells including H-345 SCLC (23), Hs746T gastric cancer (9), CFPAC-1 pancreatic cancer (16) and DU- 145 prostate cancer (25). Bombesin/GRP antagonist RC- 3095 and related analogs effectively suppressed the growth of MXT breast cancers in mice (26), nitrosamine-induced pancreatic cancers in hamsters (27) and various human