Reprod Dom Anim 2016; 1–4 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/rda | 1 © 2016 Blackwell Verlag GmbH Received: 22 July 2016 | Accepted: 24 October 2016 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12899 Contents This study compared endometrial cytology vis-a-vis uterine fuid cytology for assess- ment of uterine health in clinically normal and subclinical endometrits (SE)-afected bufaloes. Uterine fuid samples and endometrial samples were collected from the buf- faloes (n = 38) at oestrus using blue sheath and cytobrush, respectvely. The smears were stained with Field stain for 3 minutes, and a minimum of 400 cells were counted in each smear for determinaton of the percentage of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leu- cocyte. The incidence of subclinical endometrits, based on the cytobrush cytology, was 23.08%. The correlaton between cytobrush cytology with uterine fuid cytology was positve and signifcant(r = .37; p = .02). The rato of PMN leucocyte in cytobrush cytology to uterine fuid cytology was 1:2.4. ROC analysis revealed that the threshold value of 6.16% PMN leucocyte in uterine fuid cytology showed a diagnostc sensitv- ity and specifcity of 100% in diferentatng normal from SE-afected bufaloes. In conclusion, collecton of uterine fuid was easier compared to collecton of endome- trial samples using cytobrush and the percentage of PMN leucocyte in uterine fuid cytology can be used as a tool for diagnosis of subclinical endometrits in bufaloes. Animal Reproducton Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Natonal Dairy Research Insttute, Karnal, Haryana, India Correspondence A Kumaresan, Animal Reproducton Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Natonal Dairy Research Insttute, Karnal, Haryana, India. Emails: ogkumaresan@gmail.com; A.Kumaresan@icar.gov.in Funding informaton ICAR-Natonal Dairy Research Insttute, Karnal SHORT COMMUNICATION Efciency of uterine fuid cytology in the diagnosis of subclinical endometrits in the water bufalo (Bubalus bubalis) SC Gahlot | S Kumar | A Kumaresan | S Chand | RK Baithalu | S Lathika | TK Patbandha | SS Lathwal | TK Mohanty 1 | INTRODUCTION Post-partum uterine infecton is the most common cause of infer- tlity in the catle and bufalo leading to delayed uterine involuton, prolonged tme untl frst oestrus, increased number of services per concepton and prolonged calving to concepton interval. Uterine in- fectons are generally classifed as puerperal metrits, clinical metrits, clinical endometrits, subclinical endometrits and pyometra (Sheldon, Lewis, LeBlanc, & Gilbert, 2006). Subclinical endometrits (SE) is the most prevalent of all uterine diseases; it afects ~ 30% of lactatng dairy cows, with the prevalence ranging from 11 to >70% in some herds (Barlund, Carruthers, Waldner, & Palmer, 2008; Galvão, Greco, Vilela, SáFilho, & Santos, 2009; Gilbert, Shin, Guard, Erb, & Frajblat, 2005; Kasimanickam et al., 2004). The incidence of uterine infecton was higher in bufalo than that of cow because bacterial contamina- ton of the vagina and other external reproductve organs might occur during wallowing (Azawi, 2010). The reported incidence of endome- trits in the bufalo ranged from 20.0 to 47.9% (Ghanem, Shalaby, Sharawy, & Saleh, 2002) with an adverse efect on the reproductve performance (Azawi, 2008). Among the several methods used for detecton of subclinical en- dometrits, endometrial biopsy is considered as defnitve diagnosis (Noakes, Parkinson, England, & Arthur, 2002) while endometrial cytol- ogy is considered the reference method because of the repeatability of the test (Barlund et al., 2008; Kasimanickam et al., 2005). However, restlessness temperament and comparatvely thinner and coiled uterus in bufaloes (Srivastava & Kumaresan, 2014; Srivastava, Kumaresan, Mohanty, & Prasad, 2013) pose problems in using endometrial biopsy and cytobrush techniques. Further, the availability of the cytobrush designed for use in the bufalo is very much limited. Thus, evolving an easy method for detecton of SE assumes signifcance in this species. Personal experience of the authors indicate that collecton of uterine fuid is easier in bufaloes compared to cytobrush technique because the sheath used for collecton of uterine fuid does not require a phys- ical contact with endometrial lining and thus less traumatzing and less discomfort to the bufalo. With this backdrop, in this study, we